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41.
42.
Assessment of Eutrophication in Estuaries: Pressure–State–Response and Nitrogen Source Apportionment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Whitall D Bricker S Ferreira J Nobre AM Simas T Silva M 《Environmental management》2007,40(4):678-690
A eutrophication assessment method was developed as part of the National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (NEEA) Program.
The program is designed to improve monitoring and assessment of eutrophication in the estuaries and coastal bays of the United
States with the intent to guide management plans and develop analytical and research models and tools for managers. These
tools will help guide and improve management success for estuaries and coastal resources. The assessment method, a Pressure-State-Response
approach, uses a simple model to determine Pressure and statistical criteria for indicator variables (where applicable) to
determine State. The Response determination is mostly heuristic, although research models are being developed to improve that
component. The three components are determined individually and then combined into a single rating. Application to several
systems in the European Union (E.U.), specifically in Portugal, shows that the method is transferable, and thus is useful
for development of management measures in both the Unites States and E.U. This approach identifies and quantifies the key
anthropogenic nutrient input sources to estuaries so that management measures can target inputs for maximum effect. Because
nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient in estuarine systems, examples of source identification and quantification for nitrogen
have been developed for 11 coastal watersheds on the U.S. east coast using the WATERSN model. In general, estuaries in the
Northeastern United States receive most of their nitrogen from human sewage, followed by atmospheric deposition. This is in
contrast to some watersheds in the Mid-Atlantic (Chesapeake Bay) and South Atlantic (Pamlico Sound), which receive most of
their nitrogen from agricultural runoff. Source identification is important for implementing effective management measures
that should be monitored for success using assessment methods, as described herein. For instance, these results suggest that
Northeastern estuaries would likely benefit most from improved sewage treatment, where as the Mid and South Atlantic systems
would benefit most from agricultural runoff reductions. 相似文献
43.
Ferreira Leide Lene C. Abreu Marina P. Costa Camila B. Leda Paulo O. Behrens Maria Dutra dos Santos Elisabete Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):120-137
Food and Environmental Virology - The use of natural resources for the prevention and treatment of diseases considered fatal to humanity has evolved. Several medicinal plants have nutritional and... 相似文献
44.
45.
Biodegradation of anthracene and different PAHs by a yellow laccase from Leucoagaricus gongylophorus
Ike Priscila Tomie Leme Birolli Willian Garcia dos Santos Danilo Martins Porto André Luiz Meleiro Souza Dulce Helena Ferreira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(9):8675-8684
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Laccases produced by Leucoagaricus gongylophorus act in lignocellulose degradation and detoxification processes. Therefore, the use of L.... 相似文献
46.
Hani R. El Bizri Thaís Q. Morcatty João Valsecchi Pedro Mayor Jéssica E. S. Ribeiro Carlos F. A. Vasconcelos Neto Jéssica S. Oliveira Keilla M. Furtado Urânia C. Ferreira Carlos F. S. Miranda Ciclene H. Silva Valdinei L. Lopes Gerson P. Lopes Caio C. F. Florindo Romerson C. Chagas Vincent Nijman Julia E. Fa 《Conservation biology》2020,34(2):438-448
The switch from hunting wild meat for home consumption to supplying more lucrative city markets in Amazonia can adversely affect some game species. Despite this, information on the amounts of wild meat eaten in Amazonian cities is still limited. We estimated wild meat consumption rates in 5 cities in the State of Amazonas in Brazil through 1046 door-to-door household interviews conducted from 2004 to 2012. With these data, we modeled the relationship between wild meat use and a selection of socioeconomic indices. We then scaled up our model to determine the amounts of wild meat likely to be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers in central Amazonia. A total of 80.3% of all interviewees reported consuming wild meat during an average of 29.3 (CI 11.6) days per year. Most wild meat was reported as bought in local markets (80.1%) or hunted by a family member (14.9%). Twenty-one taxa were cited as consumed, mostly mammals (71.6%), followed by reptiles (23.2%) and then birds (5.2%). The declared frequency of wild meat consumption was positively correlated with the proportion of rural population as well as with the per capita gross domestic product of the municipality (administrative divisions) where the cities were seated. We estimated that as much as 10,691 t of wild meat might be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers within central Amazonia, the equivalent of 6.49 kg per person per year. In monetary terms, this amounts to US$21.72 per person per year or US$35.1 million overall, the latter figure is comparable to fish and timber production in the region. Given this magnitude of wild meat trade in central Amazonia, it is fundamental to integrate this activity into the formal economy and actively develop policies that allow the trade of more resilient taxa and restrict trade in species sensitive to hunting. 相似文献
47.
48.
M. I. Silva H. D. Burrows S. J. Formosinho L. Alves A. Godinho M. J. Antunes D. Ferreira 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):143-149
Advanced oxidation processes, such as photocatalysed oxidation, provide an important route for degradation of wastes. In this
study, the lowest excited state (3MLCT) of Ru(bpy)32+ is used to break down chlorophenol pollutant molecules to harmless products. This has the advantage of using visible light
and a short-lived catalytically active species. Photolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions of a variety of mono- and poly-substituted
chlorophenols has been followed in the presence of Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82− with near visible light (λ > 350 nm) by UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, luminescence, potentiometry, NMR and HPLC techniques.
Upon irradiation, a decrease is observed in the chlorophenol concentration, accompanied by the formation of Cl−, H+ and SO42− ions as the main inorganic products. Benzoquinone, phenol, dihydroxybenzenes and chlorinated compounds were the dominant
organic products. As the ruthenium(II) complex is regenerated in the reaction, the scheme corresponds to an overall catalytic
process. The kinetics of the rapid chlorophenol photodechlorination has been studied, and are described quite well by pseudo-first
order behaviour. Further studies on this were made by following Cl− release with respect to the initial Ru(bpy)32+ and S2O82− concentrations. A comparison is presented of the photodechlorination reactivity of the mono and polychlorophenols studied
at acidic and alkaline pH. 相似文献
49.
Pereira FA de Assunção JV Saldiva PH Pereira LA Mirra AP Braga AL 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(1):83-87
To evaluate the possible influence of air pollutants on the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm we studied 12 S?o Paulo City districts where air pollution is observed. We collected data on pollutants from 1981-1990 and correlated it with the incidence of larynx and lung neoplasms in 1997. Ozone was the pollutant that best correlated with the incidence of neoplasm. The correlation coefficients were 0.7234 (p=0.277) and 0.9929 (p=0.007) for lung and larynx cancer, respectively. There may be a relationship between air pollution and the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm. This study, however, does not allow us to conclude that there is a causal relationship. 相似文献
50.
Borrego C Miranda AI Coutinho M Ferreira J Carvalho AC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(1):115-123
The Framework Directive (FWD) and the proposed Daughter Directives are the newest legislative instruments concerning a new political strategy and air quality management approach for Europe. Additionally, the member countries of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe have included the concepts of critical load and level for planning air pollution abatement strategies and as a base of international agreements concerning limitation of the emissions of air pollutants. These concepts imply an accurate knowledge about pollutants deposition fluxes. The paper describes the main needs and the tools available to define a strategy of air quality management in Portugal. Two study cases are presented: (1) extensive monitoring plan to assess the impact of an urban incinerator plant; and (2) contribution to a methodology to estimate critical levels for a coastal region in Portugal. These different approaches allowed illustrating the complexity of the implementation of an air pollution management strategy. 相似文献