医院含病毒污水的安全处理技术

针对医院在治疗病毒疾病病人如非典型肺炎病人过程中排出的传染性病毒污水,分析了污水处理中消除细菌及病毒病原的消毒方法如氯气、二氧化氯、臭氧和紫外线消毒等的特点,结合医院含病毒污水的水质组成和处理过程无病毒扩散和二次污染的要求,分别从高级氧化技术、新型生物技术及其结合提出医院病毒污水安全处理发展的方向。     

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation-flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. About 185 published studies (1988-2010) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.     

Biodegradation of nitrogen-enriched lignite

Biodegradation of nitrogen-enriched lignite by soil bacteria previously acclimated in hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid lignitic substrate was carried out to assess the effects of nitrogen functional groups on the biodegradation of lignite. Chlorination, oxidation plus nitration, and ammoniation were applied in an attempt to modify the chemical structure of lignite so as to obtain a lignitic substrate that is more compatible to the enzymatical system of ordinary soil bacteria than that of unmodified lignite. Incorporation of nitrogen containing functional groups into lignite structure achieved 4.71 wt%, a value five times higher than that usually found in unmodified (raw) lignite. Data collected through a 16 day incubation time, monitoring production as well as depletion of both nitrate and organic acids, concluded that biodegradation was expedited by the incorporation of nitrogen into the structure of lignite. Twenty-eight compounds were identified based on the results from GC/MS analysis of the products.     

随机模拟在常州运河水质规划中的应用

以常州运河的水质规划为实例,讨论了确定性水质模型的随机模拟。讨论中引进了主观概率和客观概率的概念,用泰勒级数确定客观概率分布,用可能最大机率法估计主观概率分布,并给出了在实施不同规划方案时的水质概率曲线和水质达标的保证率。计算结果表明,使水质恶化的各种随机因素的作用不容忽视,各种水污染治理措施只能降低水质超标的风险水平。     

Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of free cyanide by stopped-flow reversed flow injection analysis

A stopped-flow reversed flow injection method for the determination of free cyanide is proposed. Pyridine-barbituric acid mixture is injected in the flow system as reagent to form the colour species with cyanide. The flow is stopped when the reagent zone comes in the flow cell, where absorbance-time data are collected at 580nm wavelength. The linear range of the determination is 0.1 -10μg/ml CN-. The sampling rate is 60h-1 and the relative standard deviation is 1.6% (n=16) at 5.0 μg/ml CN-1 level. With satisfactory results, the proposed method was applied to the determination of free cyanide in wastewater without sample pretreatment.     

污水管道中硫循环三阶段模型研究综述

污水在管道输送的过程中很容易出现厌氧环境,产生的硫化氢常引起恶臭、中毒和腐蚀等一系列问题。这些问题可归结为因硫元素在管道中不同相态间的迁移转化所致,该过程主要包括三个阶段：污水中硫化物的产生和扩散、硫化氢由液相到气相的逸散以及管壁上硫化氢的氧化进而引起混凝土等管道腐蚀。对这三阶段机理模型进行了归纳总结,最后在三阶段模型的基础上阐述了控制和预防硫化氢问题的方法,从而为污水输送系统的运行、管理和设计提供参考。     

三唑酮对大型溞21天慢性毒性效应

三唑类杀菌剂是一种在农业上广泛应用的广谱性杀菌剂.三唑类杀菌剂在农田施用后能够向土壤深处迁移和扩散,从而污染土壤和地下水体,因此三唑类杀菌剂对土壤生态环境能够造成一定的破坏.选择三唑酮为研究对象,参照经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop...     

水中多氯代芳香化合物(PCAs)在自然沉积物及活性污泥中的吸附特征

对珠江三角洲水体中来源广、毒性大的多氯代芳香化合物（PCAs）在两种自然沉积物和活性污泥中的吸附特征进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,在珠江广州河段鸦岗底泥和顺德鱼塘底泥中,1,2,4－三氯苯、1,2,4,5－四氯苯、五氯苯主要呈现为Fruendlich非线性吸附,六氯苯、2,4,6－三氯酚、七氯和Aroclor1260则表现为线性吸附;而在活性污泥颗粒物上几种PCAs均表现为线性吸附。PCAs的吸附行为与Kow有一定关系,但主要与固体颗粒物中有机碳和粘土成分含量有关。有机碳和粘土成分的高低不仅影响PCAs在颗粒物上吸附容量的大小,其比值还决定了PCAs的吸附方式。     

武夷山国家级风景名胜区的游憩价值评估

采用收益资本化的方法，对武夷山国家级风景名胜区进行游憩价值的经济评估，从定量的角度确定该景区的开发潜力，从而更清楚地认识到良好的生态环境具有较高的环境价值，为该地区的旅游规划与管理提供科学的参考。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的微生物降解

通过驯化富集培养,从处理石化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出１株邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌ＦＳＩ,研究了邻苯二甲酸酯菌ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解特性。邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌ＦＳＩ降解最适酸度为ｐＨ６．５～８．０,温度为２０～３５℃。菌株ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解反应速率遵循一级反应动力学模式。试验结果表明,菌株ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲本二丁酯具有高效降解作用。