Mercury removal, methylmercury formation, and sulfate-reducing bacteria profiles in wetland mesocosms

A pilot-scale model was constructed to determine if a wetland treatment system (WTS) could effectively remove low-level mercury from an outfall located at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site. Site-specific hydrosoil was planted with giant bulrush, Scirpus californicus, and surface amended with gypsum (CaSO4) prior to investigating the biogeochemical dynamics of sediment-based sulfur and mercury speciation. On average, the pilot WTS decreased total mercury concentrations in the outfall stream by 50%. Transformation of mercury to a more "bioavailable" species, methylmercury, was also observed in the wetland treatment system. Methylmercury formation in the wetland was ascertained with respect to sediment biogeochemistry and S. californicus influences. Differences in sulfate-reduction rates (SRRs) were observed between mesocosms that received additional decomposing Scirpus matter and mesocosms that were permitted growth of the submerged macrophyte, Potamogeton pusillus. Relative abundance measurements of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as characterized using oligonucleotide probes were also noticeably different between the two mesocosms. A positive correlation between increased sulfide, dissolved total mercury, and dissolved methylmercury concentrations was also observed in porewater. The data suggest that soluble mercury-sulfide complexes were formed and contributed, in part, to a slight increase in mercury solubility. Observed increases in methylmercury concentration also suggest that soluble mercury-sulfide complexes represent a significant source of mercury that is "available" for methylation. Finally, a volunteer macrophyte, Potamogeton pusillus, is implicated as having contributed additional suspended particulate matter in surface water that subsequently reduced the pool of dissolved mercury while also providing an environment suitable for demethylation.     

Assessment of vehicular pollution in China

As the motor vehicle population in China continues to increase at an annual rate of approximately 15%, air pollution related to vehicular emissions has become the focus of attention, especially in large cities. There is an urgent need to identify the severity of this pollution in China. Based on an investigation into vehicle service characteristics, this study used a series of driving cycle tests of in-use Chinese motor vehicles for their emission factors in laboratories, which indicated that CO and HC emission factors are 5-10 times higher, and NOx 2-5 times higher, than levels in developed countries. The MOBILE5 model was adapted to the Chinese situation and used to calculate the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles. Results show that vehicle emission is concentrated in major cities, such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Tianjin. Motor vehicle emissions contribute a significant proportion of pollutants in those cities, with contribution rates of CO and NOx greater than 80% and 40%, respectively, in Beijing and Guangzhou. Urban air quality is far worse than the national ambient air quality standard. In conclusion, although China has a relatively small number of motor vehicles, most of them are concentrated within metropolitan areas, and their emissions are closely related to urban air pollution problems in large cities.     

被动式爆炸抑制技术

对近年来国外发展的水袋墙爆炸抑制技术、金属蜂窝填充材料爆炸抑制技术、非金属填充材料爆炸抑制技术以及涂层抗爆技术的应用情况作了介绍,分析其工作原理,在此基础上对这些技术进行了综合对比.     

可持续发展刍议

本文简述了环境与发展问题提出的背景，阐明了可持续发展的概念及内容，论述了我国实施可持续发展战略的必要性、推动我国可持续发展的主要措施及衡量可持续发展水平高低的基本要素。     

南黄海Ms6.1地震电磁辐射特征

介绍了长江三角洲观测台网记录到的南黄海６．１级地震电磁辐射异常，并结合１９７９年溧阳Ｍｓ６．０、１９８４年南黄海Ｍｓ６．２地震前的电磁辐射观测资料及国内其它资料，分析了异常的主要特征。初步讨论了ＤＰＪ型电磁辐射观测仪的甚低频段及ＵＬＦ型地震电磁信息观测仪的超低频段天线方向特性对震中预测的意义问题     

湖南省工业生产力布局的系统分析

本文以生产力系统为研究对象,以布局效益为目标,通过资源要素、地区、产业之间关联关系的调查分析及其关联矩阵的确定,建立了生产力布局优化模型;并对湖南省16大主要工业行业布局进行了综合评价,为生产力布局的调整提供了重要的定量分析依据。     

Fuzzy综合评判在森林水文效应研究中的应用

本文应用多层次、二型Fuzzy综台评判方法,对祁连山水源涵养林区的青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、灌木林和牧坡草地4个不同植被类型进行了森林水文效应的多因子综合评判。结果表明:青海云杉林是该林区涵养水源效应最佳的林型,祁连圆柏林和灌木林次之,牧坡草地不仅蓄水能力差,且有水土流失发生;并提出了各植被类型合理经营的对策,为祁连山水源涵养林的保护、发展和综合利用提供科学依据。     

黄河山东段断流的成因及对策

近年来黄河下游断流时段、断流河段逐年延长, 断流开始日期逐年提前, 下游黄河面临决口改道的险境。同时, 下游的经济发展受到很大损失, 生态平衡受到严重破坏。本文分析产生的原因、指出危害、总结过去认识上的不足、探讨性的提出解决的对策     

水解酸化-UASB-SBR组合法处理印染废水

根据印染废水的特性，提出了水解酸化－UASB－SBR组合法处理的处理方法。该不的实际应用表明，废水CDO用2500－4500mg/L降至80－150mg/L,BOD5，可由600－1000mg/L降至30-40mg/L，色度可由100－600倍降至50－60倍，该法具有以废治废，投资少，运用费用低，操作简单的特点。     

安全心理学初探

介绍了心理学与安全的关系，分析了可能导致不安全因素的各种心理原因，指出了安全心理学的研究内容，点明了研究心理学在工程中的积极意义。