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981.
Receptor modeling for source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh KP Malik A Kumar R Saxena P Sinha S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):183-196
This study reports source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate depositions on vegetation
foliages near highway in the urban environment of Lucknow city (India) using the principal components analysis/absolute principal
components scores (PCA/APCS) receptor modeling approach. The multivariate method enables identification of major PAHs sources
along with their quantitative contributions with respect to individual PAH. The PCA identified three major sources of PAHs
viz. combustion, vehicular emissions, and diesel based activities. The PCA/APCS receptor modeling approach revealed that the
combustion sources (natural gas, wood, coal/coke, biomass) contributed 19–97% of various PAHs, vehicular emissions 0–70%,
diesel based sources 0–81% and other miscellaneous sources 0–20% of different PAHs. The contributions of major pyrolytic and
petrogenic sources to the total PAHs were 56 and 42%, respectively. Further, the combustion related sources contribute major
fraction of the carcinogenic PAHs in the study area. High correlation coefficient (R
2 > 0.75 for most PAHs) between the measured and predicted concentrations of PAHs suggests for the applicability of the PCA/APCS
receptor modeling approach for estimation of source contribution to the PAHs in particulates. 相似文献
982.
Visibility impairing aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Delhi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh T Khillare PS Shridhar V Agarwal T 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):67-77
To study the visual air quality of Delhi, size fractionated aerosols – coarse and fine fractions of PM10 – were collected and analysed for and EC at three sites with different background activities. The analysed species constitute a smaller portion of coarse fraction
(39%) but a larger portion of fine fraction (69%). The sampling was performed from June 2003 to November 2003 which covers
monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Aerosol data was used to describe the spatial variation of Visibility Range as a function
of chemical composition of visibility impairing aerosols. During the study period, visibility was found to be poor varying
between 4.7 and 13 km with an average value of 9.4 km. It is observed that visibility impairment was more due to carbonaceous
aerosol followed by sulphate. 相似文献
983.
Barman SC Singh R Negi MP Bhargava SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):495-504
The present study deals with the effect of fireworks on ambient air quality during Diwali Festival in Lucknow City. In this
study, PM10, SO2, NO
x
and 10 trace metals associated with PM10 were estimated at four representative locations, during day and night times for Pre Diwali (day before Diwali) and Diwali
day. On Diwali day 24 h average concentration of PM10, SO2, and NO
x
was found to be 753.3, 139.1, and 107.3 μg m−3, respectively, and these concentrations were found to be higher at 2.49 and 5.67 times for PM10, 1.95 and 6.59 times for SO2 and 1.79 and 2.69 for NO
x
, when compared with the respective concentration of Pre Diwali and normal day, respectively. On Diwali day, 24 h values for
PM10, SO2, and NO
x
were found to be higher than prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and exceptionally high (7.53
times) for PM10. On Diwali night (12 h) mean level of PM10, SO2 and NO
x
was 1,206.2, 205.4 and 149.0 μg m−3, respectively, which was 4.02, 2.82 and 2.27 times higher than their respective daytime concentrations and showed strong
correlations (p < 0.01) with each other. The 24 h mean concentration of metals associated with PM10 was found to be in the order of Ca (3,169.44) > Fe (747.23) > Zn (542.62) > Cu (454.03), > Pb (307.54) > Mn (83.90) > Co
(78.69) > Cr (42.10) > Ni (41.47) > Cd (34.69) in ng m−3 and all these values were found to be higher than the Pre Diwali (except Fe) and normal day. The metal concentrations on
Diwali day were found to be significantly different than normal day (except Fe & Cu). The concentrations of Co, Ni, Cr and
Cd on Diwali night were found to be significantly higher than daytime concentrations for Pre Diwali (control). The inter correlation
of metals between Ca with Pb, Zn with Ni and Cr, Cu with Co, Co with Mn, Ni with Cd, Mn with Cd, Ni with Cd and Cr, and Cr
with Cd showed significant relation either at p < 0.05 or P < 0.01 levels, which indicated that their sources were the same. The metals Cu, Co, Ni, Cr and Cd showed significant (p < 0.01) association with PM10. These results indicate that fireworks during Diwali festival affected the ambient air quality adversely due to emission
and accumulation of PM10, SO2, NO
x
and trace metals.
ITRC Communication Number 2538 相似文献
984.
Singh VS Sarwade DV Mondal NC Nanadakumar MV Singh B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,158(1-4):145-154
Lakshadweep is a group of 36 coral islands scattered in the Arabian Sea off the western coast of India. On such small tiny islands, groundwater is the only source of fresh water for the islanders. Due to the growing population on these islands, demand for fresh water is also increasing and on the other side the peculiar hydrologic, geologic and geomorphic features restrict the availability of groundwater. Therefore, a proper understanding of the groundwater condition is important in order to meet this increasing demand and also to formulate future development and management strategies. Detailed hydrogeological, geophysical and hydrochemical studies have been carried out to identify potential fresh groundwater resources and quantify vulnerable parts of Andrott Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep. Systematic collection and analysis of hydrological, geophysical and hydrochemical data reveal that fresh groundwater is only available between 2.5 to 5.0 m depths and provide an early sign of deterioration in groundwater quality in the peripheral parts of eastern and western coasts of this island. It suggests immediate measures for arresting the deterioration in groundwater quality as well as augmentation for restoration of aquifer in some parts of the island. 相似文献
985.
Juwarkar AA Yadav SK Thawale PR Kumar P Singh SK Chakrabarti T 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,157(1-4):471-481
An important goal of ecological rehabilitation is to accelerate natural successional processes to increase biological productivity, soil fertility and biotic control over biogeochemical fluxes within the recovering ecosystems. A new approach called Microbe Assisted Green Technology (MAGT) is an integrated biotechnological approach developed at National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) through exhaustive laboratory as well as field studies and serve as a model for land reclamation and development of lush green vegetation on mine overburdens. One year old seedlings of native tree species were planted on 6.3 ha area of manganese mine overburden at Gumgaon under Manganese Ore India Ltd., Maharashtra, India. Continuous efforts resulted in nutrient rich soil with high N, P, K and organic carbon; well developed biodiversity, including bacteria, fungi, higher plants (more than 350 species) and different classes of animals. Planted trees accumulated 698 t ha( - 1) above ground biomass and 143 t ha( - 1) below ground mass. This was achieved in 18 years by MAGT, which otherwise takes hundreds of years. 相似文献
986.
Kirti Bhalla Shashi Bala Singh Rashmi Agarwal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):515-520
High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for analysis of seven gibberellins, i.e., GA3, GA4, GA7, GA3 methyl ester, GA7 methyl ester 3,13 diacetate, GA7 methyl ester, and fusaric acid, using an isocratic system. Method was used for estimation of gibberellins from different Fusarium strains. Gibberellins were extracted from 28 strains of Fusarium, out of which six strains of Fusarium were isolated from soil of different parts of India and 22 strains were procured from the Indian Type Culture Collection, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Extracts were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative estimation of gibberellins by thin layer chromatography and HPLC, respectively. On the basis of quantitative analysis of produced gibberellins by HPLC, they were categorized as low, moderate, and high gibberellin producing strain. For the first time, Fusarium solani was also reported as high GA3 producing strain. 相似文献
987.
Mamta Goyal Durga Nath Dhar S. K. Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,171(1-4):425-427
The variations of Cl???, F???, and Fe?+?+? in the underground water during pre- and post-monsoon periods for 2003 have been examined, for two places in Unnao district, by argentrometric titration method (Sodic Land Reclamation Project Uttar Pradesh 1998) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Sodic Land Reclamation Project Uttar Pradesh 1998). The concentration of these ions falls outside the limits prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO 1984). 相似文献
988.
Performance evaluation of cement stabilized fly ash-GBFS mixes as a highway construction material 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) are major by-products of thermal and steel plants, respectively. These materials often cause disposal problems and environmental pollution. Detailed laboratory investigations were carried out on cement stabilized fly ash-(GBFS) mixes in order to find out its suitability for road embankments, and for base and sub-base courses of highway pavements. Proctor compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test were conducted on cement stabilized fly ash-GBFS mixes as per the Indian Standard Code of Practice. Cement content in the mix was varied from 0% to 8% at 2% intervals, whereas the slag content was varied as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Test results show that an increase of either cement or GBFS content in the mixture, results in increase of maximum dry density (MDD) and decrease of optimum moisture content (OMC) of the compacted mixture. The MDD of the cement stabilized fly ash-GBFS mixture is comparably lower than that of similarly graded natural inorganic soil of sand to silt size. This is advantageous in constructing lightweight embankments over soft, compressible soils. An increase in percentage of cement in the fly ash-GBFS mix increases enormously the CBR value. Also an increase of the amount of GBFS in the fly ash sample with fixed cement content improves the CBR value of the stabilized mix. In the present study, the maximum CBR value of compacted fly ash-GBFS-cement (52:40:8) mixture obtained was 105%, indicating its suitability for use in base and sub-base courses in highway pavements with proper combinations of raw materials. 相似文献
989.
Preparation of alinite based cement from incinerator ash 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alinite based cements have attracted a great deal of attention because these can be produced at considerable energy savings. Alinite has an additional ability to incorporate in its structure various impurity ions and can thus be made using a number of industrial and mining wastes. In this paper, the work done in the preparation of alinite based cements using incinerator ashes is presented. It is shown that alinite cements having strengths comparable to ordinary Portland cement can be successfully prepared by controlling the composition and firing schedule. 相似文献
990.
Surendra N. Singh D. Todd Donavan Sanjay Mishra Todd D. Little 《Journal of environmental psychology》2008,28(4):339-352
Mean and covariance structure (MACS) modeling is used to explore a central question in contemporary environmental psychology: “How should human environments be conceptualized?”. Specifically, an expanded version of the preference model of landscape perception proposed by S. and R. Kaplan is presented. The proposed model not only constitutes a respecification and deepening of the Kaplans’ model but also presents an integrative perspective that simultaneously considers the interrelations among cognitive, motivational, affective, evaluative, and behavioral tendencies in landscape perception. In a series of four studies, we develop and validate multi-item measures of various constructs, test the measure invariances, and the structural model. The findings reveal the crucial role of various constructs that originally were hypothesized by the Kaplans but never included in the model tests. In addition, positive and negative feelings induced by the landscape emerge as antecedents to landscape perception. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献