短、中、长链氯化石蜡暴露对细胞代谢影响的比较研究

氯化石蜡(chlorinated paraffins, CPs)在中国大量生产和使用,导致其在环境介质中的含量较高。采用拟靶向代谢组学技术,比较研究了短、中和长链氯化石蜡在人体内暴露水平下(100μg·L~(-1))对HepG2细胞代谢的影响。结果表明,短、中和长链氯化石蜡暴露引起了HepG2细胞增殖活力的降低与代谢活动的显著变化。短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)暴露对细胞代谢的影响强度略高于中链氯化石蜡(MCCPs)和长链氯化石蜡(LCCPs)。3种氯化石蜡均显著扰乱了脂质代谢,且影响程度相近。显著受影响的代谢通路包括:甘油磷脂代谢、亚油酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢和鞘磷脂代谢。同时,3种氯化石蜡暴露也显著扰乱了甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成,牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢;此外,LCCPs还扰乱了苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成通路。相比于SCCPs和MCCPs,LCCPs对氨基酸代谢表现出更强的干扰效应。     

多通道网状电极电化学预处理垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液

反渗透(Reverse Osmosis,RO)因出水水质好、运行成本低等优势常用于垃圾渗滤液的处理,但产生的RO浓缩液具有COD高、色度高、盐分高、难降解等特点,其处理存在效果差、能耗和成本均较高等问题.本工作采用氧化钌/氧化铱涂层电极(RuO2/IrO2-Ti)的钛网为阳极,以304不锈钢电极为阴极,设计制作了6通道的电化学反应器,通过电化学氧化处理RO浓缩液,研究考查了电流密度、循环流速、比电极面积等参数对COD去除效果的影响,分析了电化学氧化去除难降解有机物并同时脱盐的过程机理与能耗.结果表明,在电流密度32.89 mA·cm^-2,循环流速0.46 cm·s^-1,比电极面积65.10 m²·m^-3的条件下,电化学氧化处理RO浓缩液3 h,COD去除率可达68.0%,TOC去除率可达40.6%,脱盐率可达72.1%,去除单位质量COD能耗仅为常规的板状电极电化学反应器的25.5%.本工作可为垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液的预处理提供新思路.     

N-甲基二乙醇胺-二乙醇胺复合溶液脱除采出气中的CO2

结合中国石化胜利油田CO2驱现场情况,采用耐压实验装置模拟CO2驱采出气.在中压条件下对N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)及MDEA与二乙醇胺(DEA)的复合溶液脱除模拟采出气中CO2的效果进行了实验研究,对吸收饱和液进行了再生实验.在模拟采出气中V(CH4):V(CO2)=3:7、反应温度为70.0℃、反应压力为0.5 MPa、MDEA-DEA复合溶液中MDEA质量分数为40％、DEA质量分数为2％的条件下,CO2吸收体积为48.429 71 L,再生温度为106.0℃,再生能耗为0.010 12 kW·h/L,再生率为98.84％.     

Toward Integrated Environmental Management for Challenges in Water Environmental Protection of Lake Taihu Basin in China

Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China. It serves many social, economic, and ecological purposes in the drainage basin. Unfortunately, the water has been heavily polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization during the last two decades. Notwithstanding great efforts made so far to improve the water quality, the environmental situation is still far from being optimistic. The basin and the lake are facing a range of severe environmental challenges: rapid socio-economic development continues to place great pressures on the environment, current pollution control projects have many problems from the viewpoint of effectiveness and efficiency of their implementations, and the non-point sources of pollution such as agricultural fields, for which control is more difficult than for industrial point sources, have become the main contributors to serious eutrophication of the lake. Considering the characteristics of the environmental challenges and problems confronting the basin and the lake, we focus on integrated environmental management (IEM) as a promising and effective approach to overcome these predicaments. Current practices and problems of environmental management in the basin are examined, and potential future developments are discussed. Three aspects of the IEM are emphasized: institutional cooperation, public participation, and internalization of environmental externalities. We think these are the most critical for not only the basin but also for the whole of China to achieve a sustainable society.     

海藻提取物对富营养化水体氮素循环影响研究

利用国外引进的海藻提取物EClean制剂对富营养化水体进行处理试验,经过定量测定处理和对照水体中氮循环细菌数量的变化,得出EClean制剂能够促进水体的氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌的生长,并维持了曝气条件下一定数量的反硝化细菌,通过此处理使得在同一反应器中、同一条件下完成硝化作用和反硝化作用成为可能,加速了水体的氮素循环,使水体总氮下降明显。     

Coupling coordination measurement of environmental governance: case of China

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - The results show that a comprehensive evaluation system consisting of natural resources, pollution response, government management, and legal involvement...     

燃煤电厂烟气中铅的测定方法初探

采用过滤法与吸收法联用的采样方法,测定燃煤电厂烟气中Pb,并通过试验考察4种不同的吸收液和4种不同采样流量对测定的影响。结果表明:0.1 mol/L HNO_3、体积分数为5%的HNO_3+10%的H_2O_2和体积分数为1.6%的HNO_3+2.5%的HCl 3种吸收液均对Pb起到良好的捕集作用,且测定结果相近。采样流量控制在20 L/min吸收效果最好。     

微电解联合物化法处理维生素B12难降解废水的研究

对使用微电解联合物化法处理维生素B12难降解废水进行了分析。通过实验研究了微电解联合物化法处理维生素B12废水的最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下,维生素B12废水色度去除达88.46%,COD去除率达到71.06%。该处理方法最后将污染物质直接吸附于改性膨润土上,不产生浓缩废水、酸碱废水等更加难以处理的废水,并且不带入有毒有害物质,可以有效降低水中污染物含量,减少后续生物处理设备的污染负荷。     

饱和膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂吸附的重金属离子的固定及其再生

采用Na_2S化学再生法对吸附Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)饱和的膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒吸附剂分别进行重金属离子的固定及其再生实验研究,探究该吸附剂吸附的重金属离子的固定问题及其再生的可能性和多次再生后的吸附效果,同时根据SEM图进一步揭示固定、再生机理。结果表明:在对Fe~(2+)的固定、再生实验中,可形成Fe S沉淀而实现固定,但再生后再吸附时,膨润土复合颗粒中蒙脱石结构改变使得颗粒坍塌变成粉末状,因此,吸附Fe~(2+)饱和的膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂不适合用Na_2S再生;而对Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的固定、再生实验中,均可形成S化物沉淀而实现固定,颗粒结构未改变,经过3次再生后,吸附剂对Mn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的去除率还可达到94.22%、83.2%和76.30%,远比未经再生的吸附剂吸附效果好,同时,由SEM表征分析进一步揭示:Na_2S再生溶液既可使重金属离子形成MS沉淀固定,又可使复合颗粒吸附剂获得再生,实现了同步固定、再生的目的,且吸附剂经多次再生后吸附效果保持良好。     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to phosphite

Phosphorus (P) is a key biological element and limiting nutrient in aquatic environments. Phosphate (+5) is traditionally associated with the P nutrient supply. However, phosphite (+3) has recently generated a great deal of interest, because of the possibility that it is a P source based on recognition of its vital role in the original life of the early earth. This study investigated whether phosphite can be an alternative P source for Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, one of the predominant bloom species in freshwater systems. The results indicated that M. aeruginosa could not utilize phosphite as a sole P-nutrient directly for cell growth at any concentration, but that phosphite could boost cell numbers and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content as long as phosphate was provided simultaneously. Specifically, Chl-a production increased sharply when 5.44 mg P L⁻¹ phosphite was added to 0.54 mg P L⁻¹ phosphate medium. Analysis of the maximum yield of PSII indicated that phosphite may stimulate the photosynthesis process of cells in phosphate-phosphite medium. In addition, phosphite failed to support cell growth, even though it more readily permeated the cells in P-deficient medium than in P-sufficient medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) analysis indicated that, unlike organic P, phosphite inhibits the response of cells to deficient P status, especially under P-deprived conditions.