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51.
Tao M Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(9):8-20
With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O_3,decreased. Spatially, the PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO_2 and O_3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM_(2.5) was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O_3, PM_(10), and NO_2.However, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O_3 pollution worsened.Meteorological conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM_(2.5) concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O_3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity.The air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission reductions.During 2014–2016, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, NO_x, CO, NH_3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region. 相似文献
52.
基于GIS的东辽河流域生态安全空间差异评价研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
生态安全建设是协调经济开发与生态保护的重要战略.区域生态安全评价与预警研究具有空间特性、非线性、随机性,研究过程中必须处理大量的空间信息,而空间分析和空间数据管理正是GIS的优势,它使各环境要素的分布态势及彼此间的拓扑关系一目了然,并且图文并茂地展示全流域的生态安全格局.在充分研究辽河流域生态环境状况基础上,选取东辽河流域11个县市区,借助GIS格网赋值技术,讨论了基于GIS的东辽河生态安全空间差异的评价方法.首先,拟定"压力-状态-响应"(P-S-R)指标体系,实地调查并收集资料;然后,数字化流域,运用模糊AHP法赋权并量化计算;最后,建立东辽河流域生态安全指数GRID数据库,进行GIS的空间Interpolate运算和Assembly分析.结果表明,公主岭市是生态安全区,约占全流域面积的10.78%;西丰市和东辽县是生态不安全区,约占流域面积的13.07%;其余8个地区为生态安全中等区,约占全流域面积的76.15%.评价结果与各地区现状生态环境评价基本-致.提出了相应的生态保护建议. 相似文献
53.
应用激光粒度粒形分析仪、灰熔融性测定仪、原子吸收光谱仪和XRD等仪器手段对国内2种垃圾焚烧飞灰的密度、颗粒特性、熔点、成分和晶相结构等物理化学性质进行了详细的研究。研究发现,2种灰样颗粒直径的数量积分分布非常接近,其中基本没有超过40 μm的颗粒。由于垃圾焚烧飞灰在化学成分上存在的差异导致了其熔点有很大的不同。此外,XRD结果显示不同来源的飞灰其晶相结构存在较大的差别,这可能与垃圾的来源和焚烧工艺以及烟气处理方法有关。实验结果为飞灰无害化低温烧结工艺的选择和运行参数的制定提供了依据。 相似文献
54.
Jie Liu Fan Chen Haiqing Geng Xinxin Qiu Binbin Cai 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(3):349-360
The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of
highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao
highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper.
For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced
to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils
of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis
and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required
by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by
highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of
the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health;
the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals
were considered. 相似文献
55.
Fang Li Jing Jin Dongqin Tan Longxing Wang Ningbo Geng Rong Cao Yuan Gao Jiping Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):209-217
Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils. 相似文献
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58.
镉和硒染毒对大鼠体内一些营养元素的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解染毒元素 Cd 和 Se 在生物体内对一些营养元素的影响,采用体内中子活化分析和原子吸收法分析了大鼠被高含量Cd或Se染毒后,不同组合的动物体内这些元素的平均含量的变化.结果表明,高含量 Cd 使大鼠体内N、Ca 、Zn 、Cu 的含量大幅度的降低,而高含量Se使大鼠体内 N、Ca、Zn 、Cu的含量有一定的降低;当高含量的 Cd和 Se 同时在大鼠体内作用时, Se 和 Cd 对 N、Ca 、Zn 、Cu 元素,的毒性作用有相互缓解作用,而Se 和 Cd 对 P、K、Mg 元素毒性却有相互加重作用. 相似文献
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60.
新冠疫情防控消耗大量一次性口罩,口罩废弃物处置量大、环境环保要求高;高含水率淤泥水泥固化土并作路基填料是解决路基优质填料来源难、价格高等问题的重要途径之一。提出利用废弃口罩加筋高含水率淤泥固化土并作路基填料的解决思路,以水泥为固化剂、以废弃口罩为加筋材料,实测不同废弃口罩掺量、尺寸及龄期条件下废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度值,探讨废弃口罩掺量、尺寸及龄期等因素对水泥固化土的加筋效果,以及废弃口罩加筋对水泥固化土破坏模式的影响规律。研究结果表明,废弃口罩适用于加筋高含水率淤泥水泥固化土,本文试验条件下废弃口罩的最佳掺量约为0.5%,无侧限抗压强度值提高约87.5%。废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度应力-应变曲线呈软化型,且废弃口罩的加筋作用提高了试样的抗变形能力;废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土呈现一定的塑性破坏特征。 相似文献