硫酸锰废渣浸出液对斑马鱼的毒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

已有研究表明,堆积在湘西花垣河河岸的硫酸锰废渣含有多种重金属,可能是导致花垣河河水和沉积物重金属污染的主要原因.为了评价硫酸锰废渣的潜在生态风险和对水生动物的毒性,本研究分析了硫酸锰废渣浸出液中的主要重金属成分,用漫出液对斑马鱼进行了急性毒性实验,观察在急性胁迫下斑马鱼的体征变化,测定了斑马鱼在亚致死浓度下的生化指标的...     

Matrix-bound phosphine and phosphorus fractions in paddy soils

Phosphine (PH(3)) is a natural gaseous carrier of phosphorus (P) in its geochemical cycles, and it might be important to the P balance of natural ecosystems. Paddy fields are thought to be one of the main sources responsible for the production and emission of PH(3) in to the environment. The relationships between matrix-bound PH(3) (MBP) and different P fractions, as well as selected metals were investigated to explore the possible production of MBP and its link to P cycle in the paddy soils. MBP range from 20.8 (-1) to 502 ng kg(-1) with an average of 145 ng kg(-1). Concentrations at the milk stage are significantly higher than at the jointing stage. The total P range from 333 mg kg(-1) to 592 mg kg(-1). Average P fractions decrease in the order: Ca-P (69.9%) > Organic P (16.5%) > occluded P (6.50%) > Fe-P (5.93%) > dissolved P (0.80%) > exchangeable P (0.32%) > Al-P (0.02%). Different levels of nitrogen fertilizer have little effect on the contents of MBP, P fractions and metals. A significant positive correlation between MBP and Ca-P (p = 0.002), as well as between MBP and Ca (p = 0.008) could be observed, suggesting that Ca-P mainly affects the production of MBP in the paddy soils. It is suggested that soil MBP is strongly linked to Ca-P fertilizer use because soil spiked with P-fertilizer produced an additional 758 ± 142 ng of MBP per kg of soil, compared to only 81.7 ± 12.3 ng of MBP per kg of unspiked soil. No correlations are found between MBP and other P fractions, or between MBP and Al, Fe and Mn.     

Fabrication and characterization of lightweight aggregate prepared from steel mill sludge in one step

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The qualified green lightweight aggregate (LWA) was successfully prepared from steel mill sludge (SMS) and fly ash (FAS) in one step using the...     

制度与市场机制在治理污染中的作用

寻找一种既能促进经济发展又能保护环境的控制环境污染的有效途径具有十分重要的意义。新制度经济理论为环境污染的控制及其政策的制定提供了理论基础。该理论认为,当传统的管制方法不能实现资源最优配置的时候,通过界定产权和进行产权交易的方法是可以得到满意结果的。     

排污权交易是控制环境问题的一种有效途径

排污权交易是解决环境外部不经济性的手段,与传统的控制环境问题手段相比,它具有在确保环境质量目标的前提下,以控制环境污染成本最小化实现资源最优配置的优点,符合我国国情,是我国控制环境问题的有效途径。     

黄淮海湿地系统典型挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应

利用植物的化感作用可抑制有害藻类生长,控制水华发生,改善水质.文章在考察黄淮海湿地系统的基础上,选取典型挺水植物菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和香蒲(Typha latifolia),用0.1×Hoagland完全培养液进行种植,利用其种植水培养湿地典型水华藻类--铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz)和鱼腥藻(Anabeana Bory),研究菖蒲和香蒲的种植水对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻生长的影响,评价挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应.结果显示:菖蒲种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用较强;而香蒲种植水对鱼腥藻的抑制作用较强,但是对铜绿微囊藻的生长却有促进作用.结果表明两种挺水植物的种植水都含有影响水华藻类生长的化感物质.进一步的研究表明,两种植物种植水对以上两种藻类生长的影响具有显著的体积比浓度效应.因此,保护和恢复湿地挺水植物群落对改善水环境具有重要作用,但利用挺水植物化感效应进行水体环境净化时,应按水体中有害藻类的类型合理选择植物种类.     

O3浓度升高对不同生长期冬小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响

由于人口的快速增长,人类活动导致近地层O3浓度不断提高,O3浓度升高将对植物、动物和人体健康产生极大的危害.采用开顶式气室(OTC)原位实验方法,研究O3浓度升高对不同生长期冬小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响,进而分析O3对植物的伤害机制.结果表明,O3浓度升高可导致冬小麦拔节期和抽穗期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶...     

纳米生态建筑涂料光催化降解甲醛的研究

以掺加纳米TiO2制备的光催化建筑涂料为催化剂,研究了在紫外光照条件下对气态甲醛的催化降解,并探讨了纳米催化剂晶型、用量和吸附量对光催化降解甲醛的影响。实验结果表明,锐钛型纳米TiO2具有较高的光催化降解甲醛的活性,1h甲醛的降解率可达到70％左右,产物主要为二氧化碳和水;光催化降解甲醛受到涂膜上吸附量的较大影响;该涂料对甲醛的光催化降解反应表现出一级动力学速率规律,且具有良好的线性关系。     

Catalytic oxidation of CO over Pt/Fe3O4 catalysts: Tuning O2 activation and CO adsorption

• Strong metal-support interaction exists on Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts. • Pt metal particles facilitate the formation of oxygen vacancies on Fe₃O₄. • Fe₃O₄ supports enhance the strength of CO adsorption on Pt metal particles. The self-inhibition behavior due to CO poisoning on Pt metal particles strongly impairs the performance of CO oxidation. It is an effective method to use reducible metal oxides for supporting Pt metal particles to avoid self-inhibition and to improve catalytic performance. In this work, we used in situ reductions of chloroplatinic acid on commercial Fe₃O₄ powder to prepare heterogeneous-structured Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts in the solution of ethylene glycol. The heterogeneous Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts achieved a better catalytic performance of CO oxidation compared with the Fe₃O₄ powder. The temperatures of 50% and 90% CO conversion were achieved above 260°C and 290°C at Pt/Fe₃O₄, respectively. However, they are accomplished on Fe₃O₄ at temperatures higher than 310°C. XRD, XPS, and H₂-TPR results confirmed that the metallic Pt atoms have a strong synergistic interaction with the Fe₃O₄ supports. TGA results and transient DRIFTS results proved that the Pt metal particles facilitate the release of lattice oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies on Fe₃O₄. The combined results of O₂-TPD and DRIFTS indicated that the activation step of oxygen molecules at surface oxygen vacancies could potentially be the rate-determining step of the catalytic CO oxidation at Pt/Fe₃O₄ catalysts. The reaction pathway involves a Pt-assisted Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism.     

温拌沥青混合料摊铺节能减排效果的定量化研究

通过对温拌沥青混合料(WMA)和热拌沥青混合料(HMA)生产能耗值的测量和计算,对利用WMA替代HMA作为路面材料的节能效果进行了定量核算;并结合沥青路面摊铺的实际工程设计检测方案,通过实地检测,对WMA替代HWA进行路面摊铺这一重要环节的减排效果进行了定量化。测试和分析结果显示,采用适当的温拌技术,生产能耗可降低22.4%,但是提高生产环节的能源利用效率才是降耗的重要途径。对摊铺施工的实地测量表明,WMA替代HWA摊铺可使沥青烟排放降幅53.1%,一氧化碳排放降低35.4%,二氧化氮排放降低53%,二氧化硫排放降低63.1%,综合挥发性有机物化合物VOC排放降幅达56.2%。利用WMA代替HWA作为路面材料节能减排效果十分明显。