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101.
Making spatial development scenario for south of Bushehr province,Iran, based on strategic foresight
Sheida?AbdoliEmail author Farah?Habib Mohammad?Babazadeh 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(3):1293-1309
In recent years, the science of foresight has been entered into planning activities by urban and regional planners and this science has impacted on planning activities. This study discusses spatial development in the south of Bushehr province using the foresight approach. The general aim of this research is to compile scenarios for the development of the mentioned study area which comprises the southern part of Bushehr province including four counties of Dayyer, Jam, Kangan and Asaluyeh. The main reason for selecting this region is their direct impressibility by major changes in the country’s oil and gas industry. This research has extremely made use of the Delphi and cross-impact analysis methods to develop foresight scenarios. Using the Delphi method, 30 initial factors were identified in the economic, political-security, linkages, science and technology, manufacturing, natural, social, infrastructural and residential issues and then the cross-impact matrix was used to investigate the impact of factors on each other. In the next step, the ranking of direct and indirect factors was determined by Micmac software and on this basis, the final refining in the selection of drivers was done. In the final stage, axes of future scenarios were presented and then the future scenarios were drawn. Results of this research indicate that two main drivers namely Iran’s international relations and energy resources are the main axes of scenarios. These two drivers have more uncertainty and higher importance than other factors and the results in four scenarios showing the possibility of each situation’s occurrence. 相似文献
102.
A.?K.?GoraiEmail author S.?S.?Biswal Gargi?Mitra 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(4):1461-1481
The present study aims to analyse the influences of five meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure, rainfall, and solar radiations) on ground-level ozone (GLO) concentrations over the region of Ranchi Municipal Corporation (Jharkhand, India). The diurnal variation of GLO concentration and the meteorological parameters were analysed in each month to understand the associations. The results indicated that the correlation coefficients of GLO concentration with SR, AT, and DPT are found to be positive in each month and also statistically significant. But, the association between WS and GLO concentration was not uniform between the study days. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates an approach for identifying the hot spots that are having the higher level of GLO concentration. The hot spot maps were produced for each month to understand the shifting of the locations of hot spot locations. The results reveal that the hot spot locations are changes frequently in each case. Since the hot spot analysis was conducted with limited data, the presented hot spots are indicative and dependent on the meteorological conditions of the specific period and cannot be considered as a robust epidemiological study. 相似文献
103.
104.
Iva H?nová Radek Novotný Tomáš Vráblík Bohumír Lomský 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(7):2393-2401
Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation and biomarker of oxidative stress, is measured over the long term in spruce Picea abies needles under real conditions in three Czech mountain border areas. The trends presented collate the MDA content in spruce needles with ambient ozone, temperature and precipitation as casual, and defoliation as a subsequent factor for the period 1994-2006. We have found the overall decreasing trends in MDA and defoliation. The highest MDA and defoliation are recorded in the Jizerske, the lowest in the Krusne hory Mts. Out of the examined variables the MDA is predicted best by mean temperature in vegetation season, median of O3 concentrations and AOT40; these three variables account for 34% of MDA1 and 36% of MDA2 variability. Our hypothesis that higher ambient O3 exposure results in higher MDA contents in P. abies needles under real conditions has not been approved. 相似文献
105.
Roy Mauldin Edward Kosciuch Fred Eisele Greg Huey David Tanner Steve Sjostedt Don Blake Gao Chen Jim Crawford Douglas Davis 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(4):572-581
Measurements of OH, H2SO4, and MSA at South Pole (SP) Antarctica were recorded as a part of the 2003 Antarctic Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI 2003). The time period 22 November, 2003–2 January, 2004 provided a unique opportunity to observe atmospheric chemistry at SP under both natural conditions as well as those uniquely defined by a solar eclipse event. Results under natural solar conditions generally confirmed those reported previously in the year 2000. In both years the major chemical driver leading to large scale fluctuations in OH was shifts in the concentration levels of NO. Like in 2000, however, the 2003 observational data were systematically lower than model predictions. This can be interpreted as indicating that the model mechanism is still missing a significant HOx sink reaction(s); or, alternatively, that the OH calibration source may have problems. Still a final possibility could involve the integrity of the OH sampling scheme which involved a fixed building site. As expected, during the peak in the solar eclipse both NO and OH showed large decreases in their respective concentrations. Interestingly, the observational OH profile could only be approximated by the model mechanism upon adding an additional HOx radical source in the form of snow emissions of CH2O and/or H2O2. This would lead one to think that either CH2O and/or H2O2 snow emissions represent a significant HOx radical source under summertime conditions at SP. Observations of H2SO4 and MSA revealed both species to be present at very low concentrations (e.g., 5 × 105 and 1 × 105 molec cm?3, respectively), but similar to those reported in 2000. The first measurements of SO2 at SP demonstrated a close coupling with the oxidation product H2SO4. The observed low concentrations of MSA appear to be counter to the most recent thinking by glacio-chemists who have suggested that the plateau's lower atmosphere should have elevated levels of MSA. We speculate here that the absence of MSA may reflect efficient atmospheric removal mechanisms for this species involving either dynamical and/or chemical processes. 相似文献
106.
107.
Kishor Atreya Fred H?kon Johnsen Bishal Kumar Sitaula 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(4):477-493
There is a growing concern of pesticide risks to human health, natural environment and ecosystems. Many previous economic valuations have accounted health aspects or environmental components, but rarely combined; thus, overall risk assessment is partially distorted. The study, conducted close to the capital of Nepal, addressed the health effects of pesticides on small-scale farmers and evaluated the monetary risks of pesticide use on human health and environmental resources. We also aim to establish the relationships among valuation methods. The paper adopts cost of illness, defensive expenditure and contingent valuation willingness to pay approach. The study concluded that the methods used for valuing pesticide risks to human and environmental health are theoretically consistent. The exposed individuals are likely to bear significant economic costs of exposures depending on geographical location, pesticide use magnitudes and frequency. Individuals are willing to pay between 53 and 79% more than the existing pesticide price to protect their health and environment. The integrated pest management training is less likely to reduce health costs of pesticide exposure, although it leads to higher investment in safety measures. 相似文献
108.
In industrialized countries, the idea of degrowth has emerged as a response to environmental, social, and economic crises.
Realizing environmental limits to and failures of more than half a century of continual economic growth in terms of social
progress and environmental sustainability, the degrowth paradigm calls for a downscaling of consumption and production for
social equity and ecological sustainability. The call for economic degrowth is generally considered to be delimited to rich
countries, where reduced consumption can save “ecological space” enabling people in poor countries to enjoy the benefits of
economic growth. China, as one of the economically most expanding countries in the world, has dramatically improved its living
standards, particularly along the Eastern coast, over the latest 30 years. However, China is absent from the international
debates on growth. This article discusses the implications of the Western degrowth debates for China. Given the distinctive
features of China’s development, the paper aims to enrich the degrowth debates, which have hitherto been dominated by Western
perspectives. Based upon reflections on social, environmental, and moral dimensions of economic growth, the paper argues that
limited natural resources may not continuously support universal affluence at the current level of the rich countries, a level
that China is likely to reach within a few decades. Priority for growth in China should therefore be given to the poor regions
of the country, and future growth should be beneficial to social and environmental development. 相似文献
109.
Charles R. Davis 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):964-966
In order to determine the influence of SO2 fumigation of soybean plants on yield, a three-year experiment was conducted on 485 plois of soybeans. Single fumigations of S02 were applied at 10 different stages of growth in 1968-69 and 7 stages of growth in 1970. A linear relationship was found to exist beiween the percent of leaf area destroyed and ihe percent crop loss with a significant regression coefficient of b = —0.659, or iwo-thirds of one percent crop loss for each percent of area destroyed. No definite significant stage-of-growth effect was found and no treatment effects were significant for the early stages of growth from the 3-leaf to the 15-leaf stage, nor was there any loss in yield without visible leaf injury. 相似文献
110.
Arijit Pakrasi Wayne T. Davis Gregory D. Reed Timothy C. Keener 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):987-992
The removal of SO2 with atomization of a slaked lime slurry and supplemental injection of gaseous NH3 were tested in a conventional spray dryer/baghouse system for SO2 concentrations of 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm and a 30° F approach to saturation. Results at 3000 ppm of SO2 showed an average SO2 removal efficiency of 90.3 percent at a combined stoichiometric ratio of 0.95-1.10 and an average overall sorbent utilization of 91.6 percent. The overall molal ratio of NH3/SO2 reaction was found to be 2:1 under the test conditions Particle size analyses, and EP toxicity tests were conducted on the products of the reactions. 相似文献