全文获取类型
收费全文 | 470篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 8篇 |
废物处理 | 52篇 |
环保管理 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 55篇 |
基础理论 | 87篇 |
污染及防治 | 184篇 |
评价与监测 | 51篇 |
社会与环境 | 20篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 44篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 15篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有484条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
161.
Virgínia C. Fernandes Valentina F. Domingues Nuno Mateus Cristina Delerue-Matos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4184-4192
Pesticides are among the most widely used chemicals in the world. Because of the widespread use of agricultural chemicals in food production, people are exposed to low levels of pesticide residues through their diets. Scientists do not yet have a total understanding of the health effects of these pesticide residues. This work aims to determine differences in terms of pesticide residue content in Portuguese strawberries grown using different agriculture practices. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe sample preparation method was conducted and shown to have good performance for multiclass pesticides extraction in strawberries. The screening of 25 pesticides residue was performed by gas chromatography?Ctandem mass spectrometry. In quantitative validation, acceptable performances were achieved with recoveries of 70?C120 and <12?% residual standard deviation for 25 pesticides. Good linearity was obtained for all the target compounds, with highly satisfactory repeatability. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.1?C28???g/kg. The method was applied to analyze strawberry samples from organic and integrated pest management (IPM) practices harvested in 2009?C2010. The results showed the presence of fludioxonil, bifenthrin, mepanipyrim, tolylfluanid, cyprodinil, tetraconazole, and malathion when using IPM below the maximum residue levels. 相似文献
162.
Moreno B Vivas A Nogales R Macci C Masciandaro G Benitez E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(3):253-264
Background, aim, and scope In this work, the potential for using olive-mill solid waste as an organic amendment for biochemical and biological restoration
of a trichloroethylene-contaminated soil, which has previously been stabilized through vermicomposting processes, has been
explored.
Materials and methods Trichloroethylene-contaminated water was pumped into soil columns with a layer of vermicompost at 10-cm depth (biobarrier
system). The impacts of the trichloroethylene on the microbial community were evaluated by determining: (1) the overall microbial
activity (estimated as dehydrogenase activity) and enzyme activities related to the main nutrient cycles (β-glucosidase, o-diphenoloxidase, phosphatase, urease, and arylsulphatase activities). In addition, isoelectric focusing of the soil extracellular
humic-β-glucosidase complexes was performed to study the enzymatically active humic matter related to the soil carbon cycle.
(2) The soil bacterial diversity and the molecular mechanisms for the bacterial resistance to organic solvents were also determined.
For this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to detect changes in bacterial
community structure and PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) was developed and optimised for detection and
discrimination of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) genes amplified from the contaminated soils.
Results Vermicompost reduced, with respect to the unamended soil, about 30% of the trichloroethylene leaching during the first month
of the experiment. Trichloroethylene had a marked negative effect on soil dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, phosphatase,
and arylsulphatase activities. Nevertheless, the vermicompost tended to avoid this toxic effect. Vermicompost also displays
stable humic-β-glucosidase complexes that increased the extracellular activity related to C-cycle in the contaminated soils.
The isoelectric focusing technique showed a more biochemically active humic matter in the soil sampled under the vermicompost.
The behaviour of the three main phyla of bacteria isolated from the DGGE bands was quite different. Bands corresponding to
Actinobacteria disappeared, whereas those affiliated with Proteobacteria remained after the trichloroethylene contamination. The disappeared Actinobacteria became visible in the soil amended with the vermicompost. Bands corresponding to Bacteriodetes appeared only in columns of contaminated soils. In this study, six types of RND proteins were detected by PCR-SSCP in the
natural soil, three in the trichloroethylene-contaminated soil and 7/5 in trichloroethylene-contaminated soil above/below
the vermicompost in the biobarrier columns. Trichloroethylene tended to reduce or eliminate all the clones detected in the
uncontaminated soil, whereas new efflux pumps appeared in the biobarrier columns.
Discussion Although enzymes incorporated into the humic substances of vermicomposted olive wastes are quite stable, trichloroethylene
also inhibited the background levels of the soil extracellular β-glucosidase activity in the amended soils. The decrease was
less severe in the biobarrier system, but in any case, no relation was found between the levels of trichloroethylene in soil
and extracellular β-glucosidase activity, or between the latter and the quantity of humic carbon in soils. The isoelectric
focusing technique was carried out in the humic fraction to determine whether the loss of activity occurred in overall extracellular
β-glucosidase or in that linked to stable humic substances (humic–enzyme complexes). The contaminated soils showed the lower
enzyme activities, whereas contaminated and amended soils presented greater quantity of focalised (and therefore stable) humic
carbon and spectra heterogeneity: very different bands with higher enzyme activities. No clear relationship between trichloroethylene
concentration in soil and diversity of the bacterial population was noted. Similar patterns could be found when the community
structures of bacteria and microbial activity were considered. Since the use of the dehydrogenase assay has been recognised
as a useful indicator of the overall measure of the intensity of microbial metabolism, these results could be attributed to
PCR-DGGE methodology, since the method reveals the presence of dominant populations regardless of their metabolic state. Trichloroethylene
maintained or even increased the number of clones with the DNA encoding for RND proteins, except for the contaminated soil
located above the vermicompost. However, the main effect of trichloroethylene was to modify the structure of the community
in contaminated soils, considering the type of efflux pumps encoded by the DNA extracted from soil bacteria.
Conclusions Trichloroethylene inhibited specific functions in soil and had a clear influence on the structure of the autochthonous bacterial
community. The organic matter released by the vermicomposted olive waste tended to avoid the toxic effect of the contaminant.
Trichloroethylene also inhibited the background levels of the soil extracellular β-glucosidase activity, even when vermicompost
was present. In this case, the effect of the vermicompost was to provide and/or to stimulate the humic-β-glucosidase complexes
located in the soil humic fraction >104, increasing the resistance of the enzyme to the inhibition. The bacterial community from the soil presented significantly
different mechanisms to resistance to solvents (RND proteins) under trichloroethylene conditions. The effect of the vermicompost
was to induce these mechanisms in the autochthonous bacterial community and/or incorporated new bacterial species, able to
grow in a trichloroethylene-contaminated ambient. Coupled biochemical and molecular methodologies are therefore helpful approaches
in assessing the effect of an organic amendment on the biochemical and biological restoration of a trichloroethylene-contaminated
soil.
Recommendations and perspectives Since the main biochemical and biological effects of the organic amendment on the contaminated soil seem to be the incorporation
of biochemically active humic matter, as well as new bacterial species able to grow in a trichloroethylene-contaminated ambient,
isoelectric focusing and PCR-SSCP methodologies should be considered as parts of an integrated approach to determine the success
of a restoration scheme. 相似文献
163.
In this study we evaluated the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) after an acute exposure in rats. The mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia induced by CPF were studied. A single dose of CPF (50 mg kg−1, subcutaneous, s.c.) was administered to overnight-fasted rats. Glucose and corticosterone levels, lipid status and paraoxonase (PON1) activity were determined in plasma of rats. Cardiovascular risk factors and the atherogenic index were calculated. Glycogen levels, tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities were determined in livers of rats. Cerebral acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also determined. CPF caused an increase in glucose and glycogen levels as well as in TAT and G6Pase activities. The CPF exposure caused an increase in corticosterone levels, an inhibition of AChE activity and a reduction of PON1 activity. Regarding the lipid status, CPF induced an increase in triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels associated with an increase of cardiovascular risk factors and the atherogenic index. The present study demonstrated that a single CPF administration caused hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. The activation of the gluconeogenesis pathway, probably elicited by hypercorticosteronemia, is involved in the hyperglycemic effect of CPF in rats. 相似文献
164.
José Robles-MolinaMaría J. Martín de Vidales Juan F. García-ReyesPablo Cañizares Cristina SáezManuel A. Rodrigo Antonio Molina-Díaz 《Chemosphere》2012,89(10):1169-1176
The electrochemical transformation of the organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) was investigated in wastewater. The oxidation of CPF was carried out in a single-compartment electrochemical flow cell working under batch operation mode, using diamond-based material as anode and stainless steel as cathode. In order to evaluate its persistence and degradation pathway, two different concentration levels (1.0 mg L−1 and 0.1 mg L−1) were studied. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for evaluation of the initial and electrolyzed solutions. The identification of CPF transformation products was performed by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS). Results showed that CPF is completely removed at the end of treatment time. Analysis by LC-TOFMS allowed the identification of six degradation products (with Mw 154, 170, 197, 305 321 and 333). Three of the identified intermediates (Mw 170, 305 and 321) were completely removed at the end of electrolysis time. Interestingly, the formation of diethyl 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2yl phosphate (chlorpyrifos oxon) and 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol was also found in previous reported degradation pathways using different degradation technologies. 相似文献
165.
Acker CI Souza AC Dos Santos MP Mazzanti CM Nogueira CW 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3481-3490
Purpose
In this study, we investigated the effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] on chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced hepatic and hematologic toxicity in rats.Methods
Rats were pre-treated with (PhSe)2 (5?mg/kg) via the oral route (oral gavage) once a day for 7?days. On the eighth and ninth days, rats were treated with (PhSe)2 (5?mg/kg) 30?min prior to CPF (50?mg/kg, by subcutaneous route). The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were determined in plasma of rats. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and non-protein thiol levels as well as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and gluthatione S-transferase activities were determined in livers of rats. Hematological parameters were also determined.Results
The results showed that CPF caused hepatic oxidative damage, as demonstrated by an increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels which was associated with a decrease in antioxidant defenses. CPF exposure caused a reduction in the leukocyte, indicating hematologic toxicity. (PhSe)2 was effective in attenuating these toxic effects caused by CPF exposure in rats.Conclusions
The results indicated that (PhSe)2 was effective in protecting the hepatic and hematologic toxicity induced by acute CPF exposure in rats. 相似文献166.
Antonio Cao Angela M. Falchi Teresa Tuveri Maria T. Scalas Giovanni Monni Cristina Rosatelli 《黑龙江环境通报》1986,6(3):159-167
In this report we have summarized our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia in 1000 pregnancies followed at least until 12 months after birth. In the majority of these cases, the thalassemia lesion was the nonsense mutation at the codon corresponding to amino acid 39, which produces the hematological phenotype of β-thalassemia. Fetal blood sampling was carried out by placental aspiration, by which a sufficient amount of fetal blood for analysis was obtained in the majority of cases (99 per cent). The fetal mortality associated with fetal blood sampling was 6·3 per cent. Those placental samples contaminated by maternal cells were successfully purified by Ørskov lysis. Fetal blood was analysed by globin chain synthesis on CM–52 columns, which gave reliable results. Two misdiagnoses (0·2 per cent) have been made of which one was due to a non-globin protein co-migrating with the β-chains while the other resulted from a misclassification of the type of thalassemia segregating in the family. 相似文献
167.
168.
Marcel Clusa Carlos Carreras Marta Pascual Stephen J. Gaughran Susanna Piovano Cristina Giacoma Gloria Fernández Yaniv Levy Jesús Tomás Juan Antonio Raga Fulvio Maffucci Sandra Hochscheid Alex Aguilar Luis Cardona 《Marine Biology》2014,161(3):509-519
Loggerhead turtles nesting in the Mediterranean Sea exhibit remarkable genetic structuring. This paper tests the hypothesis that young loggerhead turtles from different rookeries do not distribute homogeneously among the major Mediterranean foraging grounds, due to a complex pattern of surface currents. We extracted long fragments of mitochondrial DNA from 275 stranded or bycaught juvenile turtles from six foraging grounds (Catalano-Balearic Sea, Algerian basin, Tyrrhenian Sea, Adriatic Sea, northern Ionian Sea and southern Levantine Sea). We used a Bayesian mixed-stock analysis to estimate the contributions from rookeries in the Mediterranean, the North-west Atlantic and Cape Verde to the studied foraging grounds. Differences were found in the relative contribution of juvenile turtles of Atlantic and Mediterranean origin to each foraging ground. A decreasing proportion of Atlantic juveniles was detected along the main surface current entering the Mediterranean, with a high prevalence of turtles from eastern Florida in the Algerian basin and lower numbers elsewhere. In regard to the turtles of Mediterranean origin, juveniles from Libya prevailed in central and western Mediterranean foraging grounds other than the Algerian basin. Conversely, the Adriatic Sea was characterised by a large presence of individuals from western Greece, while the southern Levantine Sea was inhabited by a heterogeneous mix of turtles from the eastern Mediterranean rookeries (Turkey, Lebanon and Israel). Overall, the distribution of juveniles may be related to surface circulation patterns in the Mediterranean and suggests that fisheries might have differential effects on each population depending on the overlap degree between foraging and fishing grounds. 相似文献
169.
The extent of impervious cover in a watershed has been linked to the quality of an urban aquatic environment. The Kyeongan watershed in South Korea was investigated to evaluate the relationship between the total impervious area (TIA) and the aquatic ecosystem of the watershed, including water quality and aquatic life using a relatively high-resolution (0.4 m) image. The TIA was found to be approximately 12% of the watershed, which indicates that the quality of its environment was being adversely affected by it. For water quality, Pearson correlation analyses showed that all water quality parameters studied were found to be positively correlated with TIA at p < 0.01, except for nitrate (NO3-). In addition, the zone with a higher TIA was found to have worse water quality. Some water quality parameters, such as nitrite (NO2-), total phosphorus, and phosphate (PO4(3-)) were highly affected by discharges from wastewater treatment plants. Water quality data suggest that TIA could be used to predict the water quality of streams. For ecological parameters, the diatom index for organic pollution and trophic diatom index were found to be highly correlated with TIA, whereas physical habitat and benthic macroinvertebrates were poorly correlated with TIA. However, the results indicate that the extent of impervious cover can be a useful indicator for predicting the status of specific ecosystem of streams. 相似文献
170.
Donata Lerda Sergio Carasi Giorgio Ceroni Gabriella Lissom Cristina Martines Francesco Rizzello 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-4):259-271
In 1991 a co‐operation between Public Health Office (U.S.S.L.) n° 18 of Brescia and the Chemical Section Laboratories of U.S.S.L. n° 38 of Milan concerning the possible environmental impact of foundry industrial activities performing metallic scraps recovering, has been undertaken. Soil and surfaces have been classified in conformity with the National Toxicological Consultative Commission (C.C.T.N.) recommendation dated 12/02/1988'; owing to the characteristics of the processed material, besides heavy metals, polychlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) have been looked for. The particulate matter collected from the filters positioned over the arc furnaces in 14 foundry plants has been characterized and classified, according both to C.C.T.N.1 and to the Interministerial Board regulation dated 27/07/1985 for the first application of the Republic President Decree Law (D.P.R.) n° 915/1982, concerning wastes classification, based, in this case, on these toxic chlorinated compounds concentrations. From the very beginning, high levels of PCDDs and PCDFs have been detected, corroborating the very few literature data from foundry plants2. The results obtained on 14 different foundries allow us to draw already some information, acceptable from the point of view of the statistical validity, about the pollution produced by this industry. 相似文献