印染污泥特性及其掺煤焚烧处置的环境影响研究

对佛山6家印染厂污泥的基本性质和重金属污染进行了分析研究。结果表明:印染污泥有机质含量较高;对照农用污泥污染物限值和城镇污水处理污泥处置混合填埋用泥质标准,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn不同程度超标,说明印染污泥既不能农用,也不能混合填埋。污泥浸出液中重金属浓度远低于危险废物浸出毒性限值和城镇污水处理厂污泥单独焚烧用泥质的污染物限值。污泥与煤掺混焚烧烟道气中二恶英浓度在0.0125～0.022 ngTEQ/Nm3,远低于GB 18485—2001《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》限值和GB/T 24602—2009《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置单独焚烧用泥质》限值。     

High cadmium pollution risk on vegetable amaranth and a selection for pollution-safe cultivars to lower the risk

A pot experiment was carried out by growing 29 different genotypes (Amaranthus spp.) of vegetable amaranth under low- (0.12 mg·kg^-1) and middle- (0.40 mg·kg^-1) cadmium (Cd) exposure. The result showed that amaranth was vulnerable to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil. Variations of Cd concentrations in both roots and edible parts among genotypes were significant (P<0.001) in both treatments. Cd concentrations in edible parts of the tested genotypes grown under low- and middle-Cd levels were significantly correlated (p<0.01), implying that Cd-accumulating property of amaranth is genotype-dependent. Differences in Cd chemical forms between cv. Nanxingdayemashixian (cv. Nan), a selected typical pollution-safe cultivar (Cd-PSC), and cv. Pennongjianyexian (cv. Pen), a selected typical non-Cd-PSC, under different Cd exposure conditions were compared. It was found that the alternation of Cd in F_NaCl (Cd form extracted by 1 mol·L^-1 NaCl) may be a key factor in regulating Cd accumulation of different amaranth genotypes and that the protein-binding Cd is considered to be associated with Cd translocation. The results indicated that amaranth is capable of enduring high level of Cd pollution when grown as vegetable crop, and accordingly, consuming vegetable amaranth would bring high health risk. Therefore, adopting Cd-PSC strategy would help reducing the risk of Cd pollution in amaranth. In this study, cv. Nan was identified as a Cd-PSC and recommended to be applied production practice.     

论环境管理会计

如何利用环境财务会计信息为企业内部管理层进行经营决策、投资决策服务是环境管理会计的研究内容。目前,国内有关环境管理会计的研究还很欠缺。从环境成本的核算与管理,环境投资决策分析及环境业绩评价3方面对环境管理会计的核心内容进行了探讨。     

化学修饰在生物吸附中的应用

化学修饰技术可以掩蔽细胞壁上一些基团,从而使吸附量改变,利用该技术可以探讨生物吸附法去除金属离子的机理。化学修饰在环境污染治理方面有广阔的应用前景。     

石化污水反渗透浓水“零排放”技术

采用微滤—反渗透(RO)—蒸发—结晶工艺处理某石化企业的RO浓水,实现了RO浓水的“零排放”.试验结果表明:经加碱、微滤后,污水硬度平均减小率为98.8％,排出的滤渣平均质量分数为9.4％,减少了污水中有机物和微生物对后续RO膜的污染;微滤产水无需降低pH,可直接进入RO系统,电导率减小率可达98.0％;蒸发可将总固体质量浓度由13 290 mg/L增至172 155 mg/L,产水电导率为66 μS/cm.     

从重复重力测量资料中用场论方法提取孕震信息的探讨

根据重力场非潮汐变化的波长特征讨论了由重复重力测量结果中提取地震前兆场信息的可能性。文中提出并应用场论理论中重力梯度场变化的二维散度可突出与地震有比较直接关系的孕震信息。通过对北祁连河西地区几次强震的分析研究，认为重力散度较好地反映了地震发生前震源区的孕震特征，是一种值得进一步研究的方法。     

亚热带小区域水平上土壤质量时空变化的定量化评价

亚热带小区域水平上土壤质量时空变化的定量化评价王效举，龚子同（中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京２１０００８）ＱｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｏｉｌＱｕａｌｉｔｙＣｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎＴｉｍｅａｎｄＳｐａｃｅａｔａＳｍａｌｌＡｒｅａＬｅｖｅ...     

Theoretical study on the degradation reaction of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin with atomic oxygen O(3P) in dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Dielectric barrier discharges （DBD） have been used in the degradation of dioxins due to the large number of excimers and free radicals produced in discharge process. In this article, the density functional theory （DFT） is used to study the degradation mechanism of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin （OCDD） with the atomic oxygen O（3P） in DBD reactor. The reactants, intermediates, transition states and products are optimized at the MPWB1K/6- 31 ＋ G（d,p） level. The vibrational frequencies have been calculated at the same level. The reaction pathways and mechanisms are analyzed in detail. The effect of removing the chlorine atom on environment also has been discussed.     

Characterization of halogenated DBPs and identification of new DBPs trihalomethanols in chlorine dioxide treated drinking water with multiple extractions

Chlorine dioxide(ClO_2) is a widely used alternative disinfectant due to its high biocidal efficiency and low-level formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. A major portion of total organic halogen(TOX), a collective parameter for all halogenated DBPs, formed in ClO_2-treated drinking water is still unknown. A commonly used pretreatment method for analyzing halogenated DBPs in drinking water is one-time liquid–liquid extraction(LLE), which may lead to a substantial loss of DBPs prior to analysis. In this study, characterization and identification of polar halogenated DBPs in a ClO_2-treated drinking water sample were conducted by pretreating the sample with multiple extractions. Compared to one-time LLE, the combined four-time LLEs improved the recovery of TOX by 2.3 times. The developmental toxicity of the drinking water sample pretreated with the combined four-time LLEs was 1.67 times higher than that pretreated with one-time LLE.With the aid of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, a new group of polar halogenated DBPs, trihalomethanols,were detected in the drinking water sample pretreated with multiple extractions; two of them,trichloromethanol and bromodichloromethanol, were identified with synthesized standard compounds. Moreover, these trihalomethanols were found to be the transformation products of trihalomethanes formed during ClO_2disinfection. The results indicate that multiple LLEs can significantly improve extraction efficiencies of polar halogenated DBPs and is a better pretreatment method for characterizing and identifying new polar halogenated DBPs in drinking water.     

低温催化氧化中试装置对典型VOCs的治理效果分析

针对最新实施工业污染物排放标准,目前常规治理VOCs的工艺方法已不能达到新国标要求,中国石化安全工程研究院设计制造出针对炼化、码头和油库的油气回收的低温催化氧化中试装置,并利用此装置进行了几种典型VOCs气体的催化氧化实验,分析得到低温催化氧化中试装置对苯、二甲苯和汽油油气的治理效果理想,为实际工况下催化氧化VOCs工艺包设置提供数据支持,为低温催化氧化治理VOCs气体的工业推广应用打下了基础。