一起工伤事故的分析与预防

叙述了工作面减速机液力耦合器伤人经过 ,分析了事故各方面的原因 ,并制定了预防措施 ,具有普遍性和典型性。     

电气浮含油污水处理工艺工业性试验研究

电解气浮含油污水处理工艺是一种新型的污水处理技术。基于室内试验及现场小试的研究成果,对该技术进行了放大的工业性试验研究,设计了试验流程及装置,取得了阶段性的试验结果。研究结果表明,经电气浮处理后除油率最高可达89%,悬浮固体去除率最高为73%,最低为30%;杀菌率达到99.6%~100%,达到了电气浮除油的要求。电气浮含油污水处理工艺与其他含油污水处理工艺相比,药剂投加量为常规工艺的1/3,运行电耗为0.2 kW.h/m3,总的运行费用约为常规工艺的40%~60%。研究成果为电气浮工艺在石油化工废水处理中的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different soil fractions by persulfate oxidation

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different soil fractions of contaminated soil was investigated by using activated persulfate oxidation remediation in our research. The results showed that the light fraction, which accounted for only 10% of the soil, contained 30% of the PAHs at a concentration of 4352?mg/kg. The heavy fraction contained more high-molecular-weight PAHs, and the total PAH concentration was 625?mg/kg. After being oxidized, the removal rate of PAHs was 39% in the light fraction and nearly 90% in the heavy fraction. Among the different fractions of the heavy fraction, humic acid contained the highest concentration of PAHs, and consequently, the highest removal efficiency of PAHs was also in humic acid. Compared with the light fraction, the heavy fraction has more aromatic compounds and those compounds were broken down during the oxidation process, which may be the removal mechanism involved in the oxidation of high-ring PAHs. Similarly, the enhancement of C = C bonds after oxidation can also explain the poor removal of high-ring PAHs in the light fraction. These results imply that different fractions of soil vary in composition and structure, leading to differences in the distribution and oxidation efficiencies of PAHs.     

土壤微生物降解石油污染物

调查分析了石油污染程度不同的土壤的嗜油微生物分布状况，通过梯度浓度驯化、半连续紫外诱变、梯度浓度再驯化，建立了一套可操作的嗜油细菌筛选办法，对6株优势菌及其混合菌进行了石油降解率及脱氢酶活性分析测试，得到了3株高效石油降解菌，经初步鉴定分别为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas)、微球菌属（Micrococcus)、黄单胞Xanthomonas)。     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

哈尔滨市区区域环境噪声分析

随着人们环境保护意识的增强和对环境质量要求的提高,声环境质量已成为影响城市人民生活的一个重要污染指标,城市的不断发展,使噪声污染越来越成为人们日益关注的环境问题之一。采用定点测量方法和噪声分析仪进行监测,对哈尔滨市区区域环境噪声的监测结果进行了分析,监测结果表明:生活在低分贝值区域的人口逐渐增多,哈尔滨市环境状况有所好转。     

Fenton氧化对污泥脱水性能和溶解性物质作用效果的研究

研究了Fenton氧化技术在改善污泥脱水性能方面的效果,以污泥比阻和毛细吸水时间来表征污泥的脱水性能,探讨了体系的pH和反应时间对污泥脱水性能的影响以及Fenton氧化对污泥溶解性物质(SCOD+多聚糖+蛋白质)含量的影响研究表明,Fenton氧化能够明显改善污泥的脱水性能。在体系的pH=3时,反应1h后,Fenton氧化处理后污泥的CST从处理前的130.9s减少到19.7s,降幅85%;污泥SRF从处理前的3.58×108 s2/g降低到1.05×107 s2/g,降幅97%。同体系处理污泥SCOD、上清液中多聚糖和蛋白质的含量分别增加了3.7倍、2.6倍和1.5倍。     

酸雨作用下中亚带森林冠层淋溶规律研究

2001年1月～2002年6月对韶山亚热带常绿阔叶林4个采样区进行了酸雨的监测,以监测数据为依据,分析研究了林内穿透水中主要离子的淋溶规律。结果表明:大气降水经过森林冠层后pH值明显升高,韶山亚热带常绿阔叶林对SO42-、NO3-、Mg2+、NH4+离子具有吸收作用,特别是NH4+和NO3-离子。SO42-、Ca2+和Mg2+离子的冠层淋溶百分率随降雨量的增加有明显减少的趋势。Ca2+、K+和Cl-随着pH的增加,其冠层淋溶百分率呈增加趋势。韶山地区在常年酸沉降作用下,森林冠层对酸性离子SO42-、NO3-的吸收作用最强。根据18个月离子浓度平均值来计算,韶山地区森林冠层离子的淋溶序列为:K+>Ca2+>Cl->Mg2+>SO42->NO3->NH4+>Na+。     

典型铬渣简易掩埋场铬渣及土壤铬污染特征和处置分析

通过钻孔采样分析,研究了典型铬渣简易掩埋场地下铬渣及土壤铬中Cr6 、总Cr的分布特征和污染状况,结果表明,铬渣简易掩埋场铬污染程度严重,引起了周边和地下深部较大面积的土壤污染,深度达到了地下的基岩.铬含量在土壤层剖面中分布呈现规律性变化,即随土壤深度增加,Cr6 、总Cr含量逐渐下降,但绝大多数超过了危险废物毒性鉴别标准.从铬污染程度上看,总体上存在铬渣>土壤>人工填土.在此基础上,提出了铬渣及污染土壤的处置方式,为铬渣污染治理和资源化利用提供科学依据.