武钢加强安全文化建设的几点体会

阐述了安全文化建设的内容及结构层次，对安全文化建设在企业安全管理活动中的实践进行了探讨，提出了企业安全文化建设的思路。     

Optimization of mixing ratio of ammoniated rice straw and food waste co-digestion and impact of trace element supplementation on biogas production

The anaerobic co-digestion of biomass waste, a promising process of reusing resources, is capable of improving methane production. However, the characteristics and composition of fermenting raw material negatively influence the efficiency of methane production. Optimization experiments were systematically performed in this study through anaerobic co-digestion with urea-ammoniated rice straw (UARS) and food waste (FW) as co-substrates. Anaerobic co-digestion of UARS and FW in biogas production under mesophilic conditions (35 °C) was investigated in a 1 L enclosed triangular flask with a total organic load of 6 g volatile solids (VS)/L. The optimal mixing ratio of UARS to FW was close to 1:3, and the methane yield increasing by 8.83% compared with the sole substrate. Furthermore, based on the optimization ratio, supplementation of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) on co-digestion were significantly superior to that of a single element. Additionally, kinetic analysis indicated that trace element remarkably facilitated the reaction rate of co-digestion. Noteworthy, the addition of Co, Ni, and the combination of Co and Ni achieved very significant (p < 0.01) improvement of 6.45, 8.36, and 13.65%. Meanwhile, Ni was substantially promoted the removal rate of VS, enhanced the operational stability of co-digestion and increased the methane content significantly.     

氯代阻燃剂得克隆对孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)繁殖及早期发育的影响

得克隆(Dechlorane Plus,DP)是一种在全世界范围内广泛使用的氯代阻燃剂,具有潜在的毒性效应。但目前已有的生态毒理学数据还十分有限。本文选择分布广泛的大型绿藻孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)作为研究对象,探讨不同浓度DP对孔石莼繁殖细胞转化及早期发育的影响。结果表明,低浓度(10-6~10-8mol·L-1)DP暴露不同程度地影响孔石莼繁殖细胞的形成、释放及附着,在试验浓度范围内呈现一定的剂量效应关系。与空白对照组相比,DP处理(10-6mol·L-1)分别使繁殖细胞的形成率、释放率和附着率显著降低了76.76%、46.26%和85.64%。在丝状幼体阶段,DP处理组(10-8和10-7mol·L-1)幼体体长分别比对照组显著减少了32.74%和38.98%。结果表明,DP暴露抑制了孔石莼的繁殖及早期发育。基于绿藻繁殖特性及早期发育的生物学指标对DP暴露较为敏感,能够为海洋环境的DP生物学效应研究提供数据。     

复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素及其单药的体内外致突变性研究

农业生产上常用的阿苯达唑和伊维菌素均有一定的致突变性。为了解伊维菌素和阿苯达唑按1:24形成固定剂量复方的致突变性,以及复方和单药致突变性的差异,采用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和小鼠精子畸变试验进行复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素及其单药的致突变性研究。结果表明,复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素能提高小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率和精子畸形率,但在单复方的比较中发现,单药的微核率和精子畸形率均高于复方,表明复方毒性有所降低。同时,无论是复方还是单药均不能提高组氨酸缺陷型沙门氏菌的突变率。以上表明,虽然复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素致突变毒性低于单药,但仍然是一种能引起小鼠骨髓微核率和精子畸形率升高的致突变阳性药物,因此需警惕该药物的食品残留问题及对生态环境的危害。     

二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响因素及提高途径

TiO2薄膜光催化技术有广阔的应用前景,在国内外得到了广泛的研究。介绍了TiO2薄膜光催化降解的研究现状,指出了影响薄膜光催化性能的若干因素和提高薄膜光催化效率的相应手段。另外,对金属复合、半导体复合对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响和可见光催化的研究现状进行了评述。     

斜生栅藻降解苯酚的动力学研究

研究结果表明,斜生栅藻在驯化１０ｄ后具备降解苯酚的能力,在２００ｍｇ／Ｌ初始浓度下,５ｄ时间内苯酚被全部降解,日平均降解速率达４０ｍｇ／Ｌ。在４００ｍｇ／Ｌ初始浓度下,６ｄ时间内日平均降解速率为７．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。在高初始浓度的苯酚不仅明显抑制了斜生栅藻的生长,而且抑制了斜生栅藻的降解活性,导致降解速度下降。用最近提出的生物降解二级反应动力学方程拟合上述降解过程,在苯酚初始浓度分别为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ和４００ｍｇ／Ｌ下,计算值与实测值之间的标准偏差分别为６．９ｍｇ／Ｌ和４．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Texture Analysis for Mapping Tamarix parviflora Using Aerial Photographs along the Cache Creek, California

Natural color photographs were used to detect the coverage of saltcedar, Tamarix parviflora, along a 40 km portion of Cache Creek near Woodland, California. Historical aerial photographs from 2001 were retrospectively evaluated and compared with actual ground-based information to assess accuracy of the assessment process. The color aerial photos were sequentially digitized, georeferenced, classified using color and texture methods, and mosaiced into maps for field use. Eight types of ground cover (Tamarix, agricultural crops, roads, rocks, water bodies, evergreen trees, non-evergreen trees and shrubs (excluding Tamarix)) were selected from the digitized photos for separability analysis and supervised classification. Due to color similarities among the eight cover types, the average separability, based originally only on color, was very low. The separability was improved significantly through the inclusion of texture analysis. Six types of texture measures with various window sizes were evaluated. The best texture was used as an additional feature along with the color, for identifying Tamarix. A total of 29 color photographs were processed to detect Tamarix infestations using a combination of the original digital images and optimal texture features. It was found that the saltcedar covered a total of 3.96 km² (396 hectares) within the study area. For the accuracy assessment, 95 classified samples from the resulting map were checked in the field with a global position system (GPS) unit to verify Tamarix presence. The producer's accuracy was 77.89%. In addition, 157 independently located ground sites containing saltcedar were compared with the classified maps, producing a user's accuracy of 71.33%.     

氢氧化钾生产废水的膜处理技术改进

采用膜分离集成新工艺,对氢氧化钾生产废水传统处理工艺进行改造.通过改进离子交换树脂再生技术,去除废水污染物;增加预处理措施,延长离子膜的使用寿命;采用超滤-纳滤-反渗透工艺,降低能耗;清污分流,减少废水排放量;调控除硝工艺中氯化钡用量,解决重金属的累积问题.处理后的淡水作为循环水补充用水,浓缩水用于生产过程溶解氯化钾.     

膜性能增效剂在膜生物反应器中的应用

将膜性能增效剂(MPE)作为絮凝剂加入到膜生物反应器(MBR)中,对比了MPE加入前后MBR中空纤维膜组件的污染程度.实验发现,MPE加入前后,MBR的COD去除率均高于90%.未加MPE时MBR的膜驱动压力(TMP)超过0.015 MPa后,TMP快速增长,表明MBR的中空纤维膜组件很快被污染.加入MPE后,TMP增长速率较慢,表明MPE对膜污染起到延缓的作用.MPE与膜上的主要污染物溶解性微生物产物和胞外聚合物作用后,絮体变大,使分散悬浮在水中的胞外聚合物不会沉积在中空纤维膜组件表面,明显改善了MBR中空纤维膜组件的污染程度.     

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk from North China: Implication of exposure pathways

The breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; sum of eight congeners: BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined (by high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometry) in samples from primiparous women collected in 2006 in Tianjin, China. Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were obtained by questionnaires. The median total PBDE concentration (including BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) was 2500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight, ranging from 1700 to 4500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight. These levels were in the same range as those from Europe and Japan but much lower than those from North America. The congener profile in China was also different from other countries. The contribution of BDE-28 was around 15%, much higher than any other country, implying that a different Penta-BDE formulation might be used in the Chinese market. The lower ratio of the sum of BDE-47, 99, and 100 to the sum of BDE-153 and 154 suggested that Octa-products were in more demand in China. A significant correlation was found between a woman’s PBDE concentration and the time she used electronic appliances (h/d). This implies that electronics are a potential source of PBDEs to people. Inhalation or ingestion of particulate matter (such as dust) may also be an important exposure pathway. There was no significant correlation between the PBDE concentration and the consumption of meat, fish, and milk. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of each exposure route and their health effects.