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排序方式: 共有553条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
501.
M.Anwar H.Khan M.M.Nazmul Hoque S.Shamsul Alam M.J.Ashfold Graham Nickless Dudley E.Shallcross 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1)
Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods,the decay and steady state approximation methods.Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites(Bristol,Harwell,London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study.Three reactive alkenes,namely isoprene,1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method.Hourly measurements o... 相似文献
502.
Quantifying sediment-associated metal dispersal using Pb isotopes: Application of binary and multivariate mixing models at the catchment-scale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Graham Bird Paul A. Brewer Mariyana Nikolova Mihail Mollov 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2158-2169
In this study Pb isotope signatures were used to identify the provenance of contaminant metals and establish patterns of downstream sediment dispersal within the River Maritsa catchment, which is impacted by the mining of polymetallic ores. A two-fold modelling approach was undertaken to quantify sediment-associated metal delivery to the Maritsa catchment; employing binary mixing models in tributary systems and a composite fingerprinting and mixing model approach in the wider Maritsa catchment. Composite fingerprints were determined using Pb isotopic and multi-element geochemical data to characterize sediments delivered from tributary catchments. Application of a mixing model allowed a quantification of the percentage contribution of tributary catchments to the sediment load of the River Maritsa. Sediment delivery from tributaries directly affected by mining activity contributes 42-63% to the sediment load of the River Maritsa, with best-fit regression relationships indicating that sediments originating from mining-affected tributaries are being dispersed over 200 km downstream. 相似文献
503.
Charles M. Buchanan Barry G. Pearcy Alan W. White Matthew D. Wood 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(4):209-223
The miscibility of cellulose acetate (CA; degree of substitution = 2.5) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) has been investigated
using a variety of thermal techniques and by solid-state carbon13 NMR spectroscopy. The blends containing greater than ca.
70% CA were found to be miscible. In the case of blends containing less than ca. 70% CA, a combination of thermal and NMR
analyses suggests that these blends are not fully miscible on a 2.5- to 5-nm scale. On the scale which can be probed by dynamic
mechanical thermal analysis (15 nm), the low-percentage CA blends exhibit “significant local concentration fluctuations≓.
Investigation of the biodegradation of the blend components and of the blends revealed that PES degraded relatively rapidly
and that CA degraded slowly. The blends degraded at a rate essentially identical to that of CA. Miscibility (75% CA blend)
or crystallization of PES (30% CA blend) had no significant effect. These data suggest that a significant mode of degradation
ófPES during composting involves chemical hydrolysis of the polymer followed by biological assimilation of monomers. Degradation
of the blends is initiated in the amorphous phase. Because CA is a significant component of the amorphous phase, a small amount
of CA significantly impacts the biodegradation rates of the blends. 相似文献
504.
505.
506.
Wood RM 《Disasters》1988,12(3):223-236
The two largest known pre-1850 Scandinavian earthquakes are the 22 December 1759 Kattegat event (located at 57.7°N-11.1°E) and the 31 August 1819 Nordland event (located at 66.4°N-14.4°E), the latter being the largest north European near-shore earthquake of the past few centuries. The 22 December 1759 event caused minor damage to buildings (MMIVII) on either side of the Kattegat in Northern Jutland and in the Swedish province ofBohuslän, and was felt up to 600 km away. The 31 August 1819 earthquake caused widespread damage (MMIVIII) to stone components of wooden buildings in the sparsely populated region of Nordland Norway, as well as very extensive rockfalls, liquefaction phenomena and a remarkable variety of disturbances in fjords and in the sea. The earthquake was felt throughout northern Scandinavia over distances of up to 800 km. 相似文献
507.
Vinogradoff SI Graham MC Thornton GJ Dunn SM Bacon JR Farmer JG 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(5):431-444
As a consequence of the accumulation of anthropogenic Pb in upland catchments, there has been much recent concern about the potential mobilisation and transport of Pb from the soils to receiving waters and also the possible harmful effects that this might have on aquatic biota. This paper presents the findings of a two-year study of Pb behaviour in an organic-rich upland catchment at Glensaugh in NE Scotland. Pb inputs to the catchment were characterised by direct measurements of Pb concentration and (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios in rain water and interception. Pb outputs from the catchment were calculated from measurements on stream water samples taken from the two main streams, the Cairn Burn and Birnie Burn. The relative contribution of Pb from groundwater and throughflow, under different flow conditions (base flow and high flow), to stream waters was investigated via analysis of springs sourced from groundwater and of waters flowing through the various soil horizons (S (surface), A, B, C, and D), respectively. The outcome of intensive sampling and analysis over the two-year time period was that, even with marked reduction in Pb inputs over the past two decades, the catchment was still acting as a net sink for the current atmospheric deposition. Although the Pb isotopic signature for stream water is very similar to that for the contemporaneous rain water ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.15-1.16), only a small portion of the rain water is transferred directly to stream water. Instead, the Pb input is transferred to the stream waters mainly via groundwater and it was also confirmed that the latter had a similar Pb isotopic signature. From the Pb isotopic measurements on throughflow waters, however, Pb being removed via the streams contained some previously deposited Pb, i.e. mobilisation of a small portion of soil-derived anthropogenic Pb was occurring. These findings are important not only with respect to the source/sink status of the catchment but also for calculation of the extent of retention of the current atmospheric Pb inputs, which must take account of the release of previously deposited Pb from the catchment soils, a process occurring mainly under high flow conditions. 相似文献
508.
Performance optimisation of a passive sampler for monitoring hydrophobic organic pollutants in water
Vrana B Mills G Greenwood R Knutsson J Svensson K Morrison G 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(6):612-620
The performance of an integrative passive sampler that consists of a C18 Empore disk sorbent receiving phase fitted with low density polyethylene membrane was optimised for the measurement of time-weighted average concentrations of hydrophobic micropollutants in water. A substantial improvement of sampling characteristics including the rate of sampling and the sampling precision was achieved by decreasing the internal sampler resistance to mass transfer of hydrophobic organic chemicals. This was achieved by adding a small volume of n-octanol, a solvent with high permeability (solubility [times] diffusivity) for target analytes, to the interstial space between the receiving sorbent phase and the polyethylene diffusion-limiting membrane. 相似文献
509.
Landcare GIS: Evaluating Land Management Programs in Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
510.
Previous studies have combined random-site hierarchical sampling designs with analysis of variance techniques, and grid sampling with spatial autocorrelation analysis. We illustrate that analysis techniques and sampling designs are interchangeable using densities of an infaunal bivalve from a study in Poverty Bay, New Zealand. Hierarchical designs allow the estimation of variances associated with each level, but high-level factors are imprecisely estimated, and they are inefficient for describing spatial pattern. Grid designs are efficient for describing spatial pattern, and are amenable to conventional analysis. Our example deals with a continuous spatial habitat, but our conclusions also apply in disjunct or patchy habitats. The influence of errors in positioning is also assessed. The advantages of systematic sampling are reviewed, and more efficient hierarchical approaches are identified. The distinction between biological and statisticalsignificance in all analyses is emphasised. 相似文献