The development of WEEE management and effects of the fund policy for subsidizing WEEE treating in China

The consumption of electrical and electronic equipment is surging, so is the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Due to the large quantity, high potential risk and valuable capacity of WEEE, many countries are taking measures to regulate the management of WEEE. The environmental pollution and human health-harming problems caused by irregular treatment of WEEE in China make the government pay more and more attention to its management. This paper reviews the development of WEEE management in China, introduces the new policy which is established for WEEE recycling and especially analyzes the effectiveness of the policy, including huge recovery, formation of new recycling system, strict supervision to related enterprises, and the stimulation to public awareness. Based on the current achievement, some recommendations are given to optimize the WEEE management in China.     

贵州清水江水质状况及主要污染物

贵州省境内的清水江水质状况在上下游有很大的差异,主要污染物也完全不一样.上游水质污染的江段仅间断出现,主要污染物是都匀等城市的工业和生活废水排放带来的氨氮和生化需氧量等;而中下游整个江段污染都较为严重,主要污染物是来自清水江支流重安江的总磷.     

城市污水处理厂优化设计研究

对城市污水处理厂优化设计理论的发展历史作了回顾，对不同时期的几个系统模型作了介绍，提出了城市污水处理厂优化设计理论研究中几有待进一步研究的问题。     

洞庭湖区药用植物资源及开发利用

报道洞庭湖区有药用植物１５５科４９２属９０５种，其中水生药用植物有３５科６９属１０３种。对该区药用植物资源，尤其是水生药用植物资源的特点进行了分析，探讨了当前资源开发中存在的若干问题，同时针对其现状提出了有关的开发对策。     

Improving disintegration and acidification of waste activated sludge by combined alkaline and microwave pretreatment

The individual alkaline or microwave pretreatment has been proved to be effective in disintegration and acidification of waste activated sludge (WAS). In this study, the effects of combined alkaline and microwave pretreatment at different pH and specific energy input (Es) on WAS disintegration were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Combined pretreatment achieved disintegration degree (DD) of 65.87% at Es of 38,400 kJ/kg TS and pH 11.0. The ANOVA further demonstrated that pH showed more significant effect on DD than Es. Anaerobic batch experiment results showed that combined pretreatment not only significantly improved volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation but also shortened the time for the highest VFAs accumulation. The maximal VFAs accumulation (1500 mg COD/L) obtained at Es of 28,800 kJ/kg TS and fermentation time of 72 h, which was about two times that of the treatment without microwave (850 mg COD/L) at 96 h. The analysis of VFAs composition showed that the VFAs mainly consisted of acetic and iso-valeric acids, accounting for 57.3–70.1% of total VFAs.     

非离子氨浓度换算方法的改进

根据氨溶于水时平衡常数与温度的关系,求出非离子氨摩尔百分比的表达式,接用公式在计算器上编程换算非离子氨浓度,可提高数据的准确性和批量数据处理效率。     

灰色动态模型在环境系统分析和预测中的应用

以焦作市人类-环境系统为实例,探讨了灰色动态模型在环境系统分析、预测中的应用。     

Study on the damage of the “91.7” rainstorm in Sihudrainage area with remote sensing application technique

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连续式泡沫分离器深度处理胶团强化超滤渗透液中的SDS和Cd2+

利用泡沫分离技术,对胶团强化超滤(MEUF)工艺处理含SDS和Cd2 所得渗透液中SDS的回收进行了研究,考察了影响表面活性剂SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和金属Cd2 去除率,富集率及夹带率的操作参数(空气流速、泡沫高度、液面高度),溶液体系性质(表面活性剂SDS进料浓度、pH值、离子强度和乙醇的添加量)等因素对分离效果的影响.实验结果表明,当胶团强化超滤废水中初始SDS和Cd2 的浓度为1440 mg·L-1和50 mg·L-1时,排出的渗透液中含SDS和Cd2 浓度分别为500 mg·L-1和10 mg·L-1,在最佳的工艺条件下(曝气头孔径为10μm,空气流速为100L·h-1,液体流速为5L·h-1,泡沫高度为66cm,液面高度为45cm),SDS和Cd2 的去除率分别达52%和99.35%,SDS富集比为3.1.Cd2 出水浓度低于0.1 mg·L-1,达到GB8978-1996国家污水排放标准.     

底泥生物与化学需氧动力学模式的探讨

提出了底泥生物和化学需氯的动力学模式，并用生物抑制试验对该模式进行了验证。结果表明：静止和完全混合状态下，底泥的生物需氧过程符合Lawrence McCarty模式。静止状态下，底泥的化学需氧过程可以用一级反应动力学来描述：而完全混合条件下，则可用零级反应动力学表示。底泥性质和扰动程度是影响底泥需氯的重要因素。