中小型燃煤锅炉新型混式除尘脱硫技术及其技术经济分析

新型湿式除尘脱硫技术除尘效率高，脱硫效果好，不需投放碱性物质，以废治废，综合利用。结构紧凑，无需大面积沉淀池、无需另增掘泥设备与人员。初投资省，运行费用低，技术经济性能优越。是一种适合我国国情，很有开发前景的新型湿式除尘技术。     

DV在环境影响评价工作中的应用

环境影响评价工作是我国建设项目环境管理制度之一,近年来环境影响评价在很多领域渗透很快,对于如何提高环境影响评价工作效率和质量的问题,已经摆在许多环评机构和单位面前.随着信息时代扩张速度的加快,先进的科技工具也被应用到环境影响评价领域中,DV也是如此,DV在环境影响评价工作开展过程中的现状调研、公众参与、档案管理等阶段发挥很多重要的功能,使环评工作便捷、方便,对减轻工作强度,提高环境影响评价质量有很大的帮助.     

中国燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术的发展前景

本文在综述我国燃煤中小型锅炉和电站锅炉烟气脱硫技术现状的基础上，分析了我国燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术的发展前景．分析结果指出：我国中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术近期是以完善湿法脱硫技术为主，远期将大力发展干法脱硫技术；在电站锅炉烟气脱硫方面，规模较小的电站锅炉将以喷雾干燥法为主要发展方向，大型电站锅炉近期仍以湿式石灰石－石膏法为主，远期将大力发展电子束辐照氨法脱硫脱硝技术。     

不同干扰强度下三江平原湿地土壤温室气体排放对冻融作用的响应

为评估季节性冻融作用对不同干扰强度湿地温室气体产生机制的影响,采用静态箱/气相色谱法,原位观测三江平原洪河国家自然保护区内未受干扰的常年积水的小叶章湿地(undisturbed Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland,UDAW)、保护区外受人类活动干扰导致湿地含水量减少的季节性积水的小叶章湿地(disturbed Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland,DDAW)以及由小叶章湿地开垦10年以上的水稻田(rice paddy,RP)的温室气体排放通量,分析季节性冻融作用对3种湿地温室气体排放的影响特征.结果表明:3种湿地在冻融期均有CO₂和CH₄排放,且在春季冻融初期CO₂和CH₄均出现短期的高排放现象,随着冻融温度升高,温室气体排放通量均逐渐增加.其中,CO₂排放通量表现为UDAW > DDAW > RP,CH₄排放通量却表现为DDAW > RP > UDAW;DDAW的CH₄排放速率与冻融温度的相关性最高(P < 0.01,R2=0.647 5),UDAW中二者的相关性最低(P < 0.01,R2=0.424 7).相关性分析显示,DDAW和RP土壤中CO₂与CH₄的排放通量均呈正相关(P均小于0.01,R2分别为0.749 1、0.574 4),而UDAW土壤中CO₂与CH₄的排放通量表现为弱相关(P < 0.05,R2=0.303 8),可见冻融温度会影响CO₂和CH₄的排放通量.季节性冻融作用影响了3种湿地土壤N₂O的排放通量,秋季冻融期UDAW和DDAW表现为N₂O的汇,而在春季冻融期3种湿地均表现为N₂O的源,表明不同干扰湿地N₂O的排放通量对冻融作用的响应不同,但均随土壤温度的升高其排放通量不断增加.研究显示,三江平原的冻融作用降低了湿地温室气体排放,干扰强度越大,冻融作用影响越小,且秋季冻融作用大于春季.      

基于VIKOR法的潍坊市水资源承载力综合评价

水资源承载力综合评价通常涉及到社会、经济、资源和环境等多种因素的影响.多准则妥协解排序法（VIKOR）可协调处理多种因素间的相互关系,是评价城市水资源承载力的有效手段之一.本文利用VIKOR法对潍坊市水资源承载力进行综合评价,通过构建水资源承载力综合评价指标体系,利用CRITIC法计算权重,标准化数据并进行分析计算和排序,以利益比率Q_i作为综合评价值,Q_i值越小,表明水资源承载力越高.结果发现,在2008-2017年,潍坊市水资源承载力综合评价值呈下降趋势,从2008年的0.7378下降至2017年的0.0000,表明潍坊市水资源承载力稳步提高.通过分析潍坊市水资源承载力各子系统的变化趋势发现,潍坊市水资源承载能力依然有较大的提升空间.通过对2017年潍坊市各市、区、县水资源承载力进行对比可知,诸城市、青州市、安丘市和临朐县综合评价值较低,分别为0、0.1645、0.2267和0.2503,说明水资源承载力较高;潍城区、坊子区、寒亭区和奎文区综合评价值较高,分别为0.3475、0.4739、0.5938和0.9131,说明水资源承载力较低.表明潍坊市部分地区产业结构和布局与水资源条件不相匹配,水资源开发利用水平超出当地水资源承载力.     

蚯蚓对城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中微生物特征变化的影响

为揭示蚯蚓对城市污泥中微生物特征的影响和作用,本研究采用赤子爱胜蚓处理城市污泥,以无蚯蚓处理为对照,探讨蚯蚓对污泥堆肥中微生物数量、活性和种群变化的影响.结果显示:蚯蚓在前期能够显著提升脱氢酶的活性和细菌16S r DNA的丰度;从而加速有机物的降解,促进后期堆肥产物的腐殖质化.高通量测序结果表明:从60 d开始,蚯蚓组和对照组的细菌种群结构出现明显差异,蚯蚓处理能够显著增加最终产物的细菌种群的Chao1和Shannon指数.最终产物中,对照组的优势菌群为变形菌门(56%)、拟杆菌门(16.3%)和厚壁菌门(15.4%);蚯蚓组的优势种群有变形菌门(31.3%)、拟杆菌门(27.1%)、放线菌门(21.1%).与对照组相比,蚯蚓粪中放线菌和根瘤菌的丰度分别提高了13.1%和2.5%,表明蚯蚓的作用提升了堆肥产物作为微生物肥料的潜力.     

Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in mainland China, 2000–2014

Based on satellite image data and China's Statistical Yearbooks(2000 to 2014), we estimated the total mass of crop residue burned, and the proportion of residue burned in the field vs.indoors as domestic fuel. The total emissions of various pollutants from the burning of crop residue were estimated for 2000-2014 using the emission factor method. The results indicate that the total amount of crop residue and average burned mass were 8690.9 Tg and4914.6 Tg, respectively. The total amount of emitted pollutants including CO_2, CO, NOx,VOCs, PM_(2.5), OC(organic carbon), EC(element carbon) and TC(total carbon) were 4212.4–8440.9 Tg, 192.8–579.4 Tg, 4.8–19.4 Tg, 18.6–61.3 Tg, 18.8–49.7 Tg, 6.7–31.3 Tg, 2.3–4.7 Tg, and8.5–34.1 Tg, respectively. The emissions of pollutants released from crop residue burning were found to be spatially variable, with the burning of crop residue mainly occurring in Northeast, North and South China. In addition, pollutant emissions per unit area(10 km ×10 km) were mostly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Emissions of CO_2, NOx, VOCs, OC and TC were mainly from rice straw burning, while burning of corn and wheat residues contributed most to emissions of CO, PM_(2.5) and EC. The increased ratio of PM_(2.5) emissions from crop residue burning to the total emitted from industry during the study period is attributed to the implementation of strict emissions management policies in Chinese industry. This study also provides baseline data for assessment of the regional atmospheric environment.     

环境空气质量评价体系研究

近年来,中国快速的城镇化进程和巨大的工业化发展衍生了严重的环境问题,大气污染问题越来越受到政府和社会各界的广泛关注,以某地环境空气自动监测数据为依据,分别采用中国大陆的环境空气质量标准与美国、香港的环境空气质量标准从污染物控制项目及限值、标准分区分级污染物浓度达标的统计要求等方面进行了综合对比的计算和分析,提出了完善评价体系的补充方案,实现补充和完善中国的环境空气质量评价体系的目的,评价结果更切合公众的自身感受,为大气污染防治提供更有力的技术支撑。     

Bioaccumulation,subcellular, and molecular localization and damage to physiology and ultrastructure in Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze exposed to yttrium

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute toxicity of yttrium (Y) were evaluated in Nymphoides peltata. The effects of Y concentrations of 1–5 mg L^?1 applied for 4 days were assessed by measuring changes in photosynthetic pigments, nutrient contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Y in subcellular fractions decreased in the order of cell wall > organelle > soluble fraction. Much more Y was located in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The content of some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mo) increased in N. peltata, but there was an opposite effect for P and K. Meanwhile, ascorbate, and catalase activity decreased significantly for all Y concentrations. In contrast, peroxidase activity was induced, while initial rises in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were followed by subsequent declines. Morphological symptoms of senescence, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were observed even at the lowest Y concentration. Pigment content decreased as the Y concentration rose and the calculated EC₅₀ and MPC of Y for N. peltata were 2 and 0.2 mg L^?1 after 4 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that exogenous Y was highly available in water and that its high concentration in water bodies might produce harmful effects on aquatic organisms. N. peltata is proposed as a biomonitor for the assessment of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.     

蚯蚓处理对污泥中微生物碳量及脱氢酶活性的影响

将含水率80.6%的脱水污泥制成5 mm的污泥颗粒,以添加蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓)为处理组,无蚯蚓为对照组,测定不同时期污泥的理化性质、微生物碳量(MBC)和脱氢酶活性(DHA)的变化,重点研究了蚯蚓对污泥降解过程中MBC和DHA变化的影响.结果表明,相比对照组,蚯蚓处理组p H变化幅度较小;实验结束时,蚯蚓处理组的电导率(EC)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)显著高于对照组,而有机质(OM)显著低于对照组.实验前30 d,蚯蚓处理组MBC显著高于对照组,40 d至实验结束,蚯蚓处理组MBC显著低于对照组.DHA的结果表明,蚯蚓处理组和对照组在前30 d并没有显著性差异,40 d后蚯蚓处理组的DHA显著低于对照组,DHA稳定在2.98~6.40 mg·g-1·h-1(以TPF计).相关分析表明,DHA、MBC和OM之间显著正相关.研究表明,接种蚯蚓在实验前期显著提升了系统的微生物量,加快污泥有机质的降解,从而导致后期产物的微生物量及其活性较低,最终产物更稳定.