Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai: Investigation of necessity and feasibility

Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.–5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be coincinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.     

二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物与锰显色反应研究

合成了６个二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物,研究了它们和锰的显色反应规律,提出了该类试剂的一些新用途,显示了其良好的应用前景。     

Efficient purification of Al30 by organic complexation method

A method was developed for preparing high purity Al₃₀O₈(OH)₅₆(H₂O)₂₄^18 + (Al₃₀) through elimination of impurities by complexation. Polyaluminum chloride II (PAC₃₀) with Al_c content of 75% was adopted as the source of Al₃₀. The PAC₃₀ was prepared under conditions of total aluminum concentration 0.1?mol/L and OH^?/Al ratio 2.2 to obtain the highest content of Al₃₀. A precipitation/metathesis method, organic solvent precipitation method and organic complexation method were examined to separate and purify Al₃₀. It was found that only by the organic complexation method could high purity Al₃₀ products be obtained in large yield economically. In the experiments, benzoic acid was used as the coordinating reagent to decompose the main impurity AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂^7 + (Al₁₃), and the Al₃₀ product could be obtained by precipitation and metathesis operations. It was noteworthy that the decomposition of impurities by benzoic acid could be completed in 2?hr. The Al₃₀ product was characterized by Ferron assay, ²⁷Al-NMR, SEM, XRD and TGA. The results showed that the purity of the Al₃₀ product could exceed 92%.     

爆炸事故危险废物的预处理技术

本文论述了深圳危险品仓库爆炸事故废物的预处理技术以及在现场所实施的全部过程，并根据爆炸废物的特点和工程上的可操作性对该技术进行了分析。稳定化的废物经过两年填埋后，证明处理效果良好。     

北京土壤中的PCBs含量与组成

利用高分辨率气质联用仪(HRGC-HRMS)测定了北京土壤中的多氯联苯(PCBs)含量.结果表明,PCBs总含量平均为3.1 ng·g-1(范围为0.39～13ng·g-1),毒性当量TEQ为0.37pg·g-1(范围为0.72～1.8pg·g-1),与其它研究结果相比处于较低水平.类二嗯英PCBs含量最大的3种为118＞105＞77(IUPAC编号),约90%的TEQ由异构体126产生.PCBs同族体含量以低氯取代为主,虽然与国内环境介质相似,但与国外不同.国内对低氯取代PCBs化学品的使用可能是造成这种不同的主要原因.高氯取代PCBs更容易吸附在土壤有机质中.PCBs总含量的高低顺序为:路边土壤＞公园土壤＞农田土壤＞山地土壤,城区与近郊土壤＞远郊土壤,推测城市机动车尾气的排放和农用化学品的使用等是造成北京土壤PCBs含量升高不可忽视的原因.     

事故危险废物的处理、处置程序

介绍了深圳市清水河危险品仓库爆炸事故废物的处置过程，提出了对于偶发性危险废物进行处置技术标准的制定原则与废物填埋处置所应遵循的管理程序。     

二安替比林—（间—乙氧基）—苯基甲烷光度法测微量Cr（Ⅵ）

合成了新试剂二安替比林－（间－乙氧基）－苯基甲烷（DAmEM），研究了在Mn（II）存在下，DAmEM与Cr（VI）生成橙黄色化合物．该化合物最大吸收位于480nm处，表观摩尔吸收系数ε＝1．73×105L·mol-1·cm-1，化合物至少可稳定8h．服从比耳定律范围4～320μg／L。用于含铬废水和电镀废液中铬的测定，结果满意．     

内蒙古新巴尔虎右旗高氟水分布特征及成因分析

高氟地下水是广泛分布于我国北方干旱半干旱地区的一种典型劣质水源,长期饮用会对人体造成严重的危害。本文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔典型高氟水地区为研究范围,对新巴尔虎右旗地区地下水、地表水水质分析结果进行统计分析、水化学类型、因子分析等方面的研究。结果表明,本区地下水F-含量普遍超标,氟离子平均含量为2. 24 mg/L,极值达6 mg/L。高氟水在空间上多分布于侏罗系火山岩及花岗岩地区的基岩裂隙水中,水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca·Na为主。综合分析研究区气候、水文、地质等条件,本文认为自然因素在研究区高氟水的成因中占主要因素,人为因素影响较小,蒸发浓缩作用和岩氟淋滤作用是地下水氟离子富集的主要机制。     

热带砖红壤生长的小白菜吸收和累积PAHs的特征

为了了解和掌握热带土壤栽培的小白菜（Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group.）对多环芳烃（PAHs）污染物的吸收和累积规律,为热带土壤的安全利用及农产品安全生产提供科学依据,于2013 年5-9 月在海南省农垦科学院海口试验站网室内进行了小白菜盆栽试验.各处理土壤分别施加3 种单体 PAHs 的质量分数梯度为0、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg·kg^-1,撒播小白菜种子出苗后,每盆留苗6 株,自然条件,常规管理,各处理小白菜培养30 d 后收获.小白菜和土壤样品,用超声水浴萃取,层析小柱净化后,利用气相色谱-质谱法测定样品中的3 种PAHs.结果表明,小白菜根和叶中3 种PAHs 累积量随土壤施加质量分数的升高而增加,根部和叶对Phe 最大累积量分别为86.25 ng·g^-1 和37.18 ng·g^-1,而对 BaP 的最大累积量分别为20.78 ng·g^-1 和3.56 ng·g^-1;小白菜根对Phe 与Fla 的生物富集系数较大,且二者无明显差异,但对 BaP 的生物富集系数较小,且差异显著（P=0.006）;3 种PAHs 单体在各种处理土壤中的残留在 84.49%-94.03%之间,各单体之间无明显差异,各处理之间也无明显差异.说明热带土壤生长的小白菜根和叶中3 种单体 PAHs 浓度显著低于其土壤中的浓度,且根部积累3 种单体PAHs 的浓度显著高于其叶中的浓度;小白菜叶对BaP 的吸收和累积量极少;小白菜根更易吸收和累积Phe 和Fla;小白菜生长30 d 后,绝大部分PAHs 仍残留在土壤中.