Emergency resources demand prediction using case-based reasoning

The demand prediction on emergency resources is the premise and basis of optimal allocation of emergency resources. Nowadays, there are only few researches on this aspect in China and abroad. For this reason, the paper aims at the characteristics of emergency resource demand prediction and presents a method for emergency resource demand prediction using case-based reasoning (CBR), which is also a method based on risk analysis. This prediction method cannot only provide a basis for emergency resource reserve and allocation in future, but also provide a method and model support for the emergency resources allocation decision-making system to be constructed in future.     

Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai: Investigation of necessity and feasibility

Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.–5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be coincinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.     

二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物与锰显色反应研究

合成了６个二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物,研究了它们和锰的显色反应规律,提出了该类试剂的一些新用途,显示了其良好的应用前景。     

爆炸事故危险废物的预处理技术

本文论述了深圳危险品仓库爆炸事故废物的预处理技术以及在现场所实施的全部过程，并根据爆炸废物的特点和工程上的可操作性对该技术进行了分析。稳定化的废物经过两年填埋后，证明处理效果良好。     

北京土壤中的PCBs含量与组成

利用高分辨率气质联用仪(HRGC-HRMS)测定了北京土壤中的多氯联苯(PCBs)含量.结果表明,PCBs总含量平均为3.1 ng·g-1(范围为0.39～13ng·g-1),毒性当量TEQ为0.37pg·g-1(范围为0.72～1.8pg·g-1),与其它研究结果相比处于较低水平.类二嗯英PCBs含量最大的3种为118＞105＞77(IUPAC编号),约90%的TEQ由异构体126产生.PCBs同族体含量以低氯取代为主,虽然与国内环境介质相似,但与国外不同.国内对低氯取代PCBs化学品的使用可能是造成这种不同的主要原因.高氯取代PCBs更容易吸附在土壤有机质中.PCBs总含量的高低顺序为:路边土壤＞公园土壤＞农田土壤＞山地土壤,城区与近郊土壤＞远郊土壤,推测城市机动车尾气的排放和农用化学品的使用等是造成北京土壤PCBs含量升高不可忽视的原因.     

水分胁迫对燥红土和变性土上生长的玉米叶片几种酶活性的影响

采用盆栽控制试验，研究了不同处理条件下，水分胁迫对金沙江干热河谷典型土壤(燥红土和变性土)生长的玉米(Zea mays L.)叶片中几种酶活性的影响．结果表明：(1)在一定的水分胁迫范围内，玉米叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASP)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均随着土壤含水量的降低而升高，但过度胁迫时，酶活性降低；(2)随着土壤含水量降低，玉米叶片中保护酶活性的变化规律略有差异，这与二者的土壤物理性质有关；(3)施肥处理和栽培方式对玉米叶片的酶活性有影响，增施有机肥和Zn肥可提高适度水分亏缺条件下玉米叶片中POD、CAT、ASP和PPO活性．图4参35     

事故危险废物的处理、处置程序

介绍了深圳市清水河危险品仓库爆炸事故废物的处置过程，提出了对于偶发性危险废物进行处置技术标准的制定原则与废物填埋处置所应遵循的管理程序。     

二安替比林—（间—乙氧基）—苯基甲烷光度法测微量Cr（Ⅵ）

合成了新试剂二安替比林－（间－乙氧基）－苯基甲烷（DAmEM），研究了在Mn（II）存在下，DAmEM与Cr（VI）生成橙黄色化合物．该化合物最大吸收位于480nm处，表观摩尔吸收系数ε＝1．73×105L·mol-1·cm-1，化合物至少可稳定8h．服从比耳定律范围4～320μg／L。用于含铬废水和电镀废液中铬的测定，结果满意．     

内蒙古新巴尔虎右旗高氟水分布特征及成因分析

高氟地下水是广泛分布于我国北方干旱半干旱地区的一种典型劣质水源,长期饮用会对人体造成严重的危害。本文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔典型高氟水地区为研究范围,对新巴尔虎右旗地区地下水、地表水水质分析结果进行统计分析、水化学类型、因子分析等方面的研究。结果表明,本区地下水F-含量普遍超标,氟离子平均含量为2. 24 mg/L,极值达6 mg/L。高氟水在空间上多分布于侏罗系火山岩及花岗岩地区的基岩裂隙水中,水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca·Na为主。综合分析研究区气候、水文、地质等条件,本文认为自然因素在研究区高氟水的成因中占主要因素,人为因素影响较小,蒸发浓缩作用和岩氟淋滤作用是地下水氟离子富集的主要机制。     

蚯蚓处理对城镇造粒污泥酸碱缓冲容量的影响

将含水率80%的城镇污泥制成粒径5 mm的颗粒污泥,以添加蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)为处理组,无蚯蚓为对照组,研究了蚯蚓处理对城镇污泥酸缓冲容量(ABC)、碱缓冲容量(ALBC)、p H及p H缓冲容量(p HBC)的影响.结果表明,处理组p H变化幅度(0.37)低于对照组(0.60);随着处理时间的增加,处理组ABC、ALBC和p HBC显著高于对照组(p0.05);实验结束时,处理组ABC、ALBC和p HBC分别高于对照组5.24%、22.37%和13.01%,电导(EC)高于对照组32.24%,有机质低于对照组1.93%.相关分析表明,蚯蚓处理组和对照组中ALBC与NH+4-N、NO-3-N的相关系数大于0.84(p0.01);蚯蚓处理显著提高了ABC与NO-3、p HBC与NH+4-N、p HBC与NO-3-N之间的正相关水平.蚯蚓强化了系统中有机氮矿化,通过提高氨化及硝化强度影响基质缓冲容量,减小p H变化幅度,提高污泥酸碱环境的稳定性,为微生物作用的高效发挥提供了有利条件.