Policy options to promote Chinese new energy vehicles consumption

Inspired by the green revolution,new energy vehicles(NEVs)provide a fresh,alternative mode of transportation for Chinese consumers mat reduce their reliance on traditional,gasoline/diesel-based cars.However,despite strong government support for NEVs in China,the level of uptake by consumers remains slow.Using Shanghai as a case study,this article provides a much-needed insight into local consumers’motivations to invest in NEVs through a survey of 100 Shanghai residents.Results indicate that current NEV promotion policies do not have a significant impact on the cognitive trade-off of NEV consumption under the"Integrated Consumer Behavior Model,"mainly due to inconvenient charging facilities,technical concerns regarding battery,higher prices,and wait-and-see attitudes regarding the pilot policy environment.Drawing on experiences from Sweden and New Zealand,this research serves to enhance knowledge on consumer attitudes towards NEVs and assist policy makers in developing more effective green consumption promotion campaigns in the future.     

一株多氯联苯降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解性能研究

从长期受有机污染的土壤中驯化、分离出1株高效多氯联苯降解菌,经生理生化和16S r DNA测序鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),用其对PCB77进行降解性能研究.结果表明,该菌株能够以PCB77为唯一碳源生长,在培养温度为30℃、p H值7.5、PCB77浓度1.0 mg·L-1、接菌量2 m L(OD600=1.0)、摇床转速150 r·min-1的培养条件下,7 d后PCB77的降解率为49.6%;菌株在外加相同浓度联苯和邻苯二甲酸时,降解效率分别提高到58.5%和53.8%,而加入苯甲酸时,降解率为40.8%;外加重金属Cr6+和Pb2+对菌株降解PCB77均有显著的抑制作用;当重金属浓度较低时抑制作用不显著,而浓度较高时有明显的抑制作用,且Cr6+对菌株降解能力的抑制强于Pb2+.     

环境科学中的核技术应用问题

本文论述核技术发展对环境科学的积极作用，并全面介绍主要包括辐照、示踪、核分析以及同位素测量在内的核技术在该学科中应用的各个方面。通过此项技术的应用现状、前景以及需要具备的基本条件等，提出了有关的具体建议。     

煤炭资源开发外部成本估算模型

本文系统分析了煤炭资源开发外部成本的影响因素，探讨了煤资源开发外部成本的组成，初步建立了煤炭资源开发部成本的估算模型。     

银杏叶提取物对普通小球藻Hg~(2 )毒害保护作用的研究

本文研究了Hg2 对普通小球藻的致毒效应与银杏叶提取物的保护作用。试验显示 :普通小球藻的生理代谢活动对Hg2 敏感 ,单Hg2 处理系列组 ,随着Hg2 浓度提高 ,普通小球藻生长量降低 ;可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性、总抗氧化能力等在Hg2 0～ 3mg L- 1范围内应激升高 ,4～ 5mg L- 1时升高幅度下降 ;而O2 - 、MDA、脂质氢过氧化物含量均在供处理Hg2 浓度范围内持续上升 ,表现出Hg2 促进O2 - 、MDA与脂质氢过氧化物的积累 ,显示出Hg2 的毒害效应。Hg2 加银杏叶提取物 (EGb)复合处理普通小球藻结果表明 :EGb可以显著提高普通小球藻的生物量 ;促进普通小球藻的生长 ;减少普通小球藻内O2 -的生成 ,减缓普通小球藻内SOD活性与总抗氧化能力的提高 ,最终降低MDA与脂质氢过氧化物的积累 ,从而显著减轻Hg2 的毒害作用。     

冷排水中余氯对虾类毒理效应和资源损失量估算方法研究

在实验室条件下模拟某LNG工程冷排水中的余氯排放,并通过毒理实验研究海洋中余氯对南美白对虾(Penaeusvannamei Boone,1931)幼体的毒理效应。结果表明,南美白对虾幼体在设定的0.00、0.02、0.08、0.14、0.20、0.26 mg/L浓度条件下,存活率分别为100%、100%、88.89%、61.25%、56.25%、20.83%,表现出存活率随着余氯浓度的升高而降低的趋势,得到其拟合趋势线为y=-2.725 7χ~2+3.2307χ+101.24。根据余氯扩散场预测数模,0.01、0.05、0.10 mg/L 3个余氯浓度的最大扩散面积分别为0.248、0.047、0.010 km~2,内插值法求出水体中对应的虾类幼体的致死率分别为0.00%、5.56%、20.32%。结合渔业资源损失评估公式W=D×V×M估算,该LNG工程余氯排放对临近海域幼虾的损失量为0.583×10~3ind.。2010年9月调查数据表明,该海域幼虾的尾数密度为9.17×10~3ind./km~2,远低于2009年同期该海域调查所得虾类幼体的尾数密度125.41×10~3ind./km~2。但根据调查资料,2010年9月该海域调查所得的虾类幼体比(7.76%)远低于2009年9月(69 38%)。由此推测,该海域2010年9月虾类幼体数量显著减少并不是余氯排放引起的。     

Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai: Investigation of necessity and feasibility

Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.–5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be coincinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.     

磨盘山水库周边化肥农药污染状况调查

通过对磨盘山水库周边化肥、农药污染状况的调查和监测得出,每年施用化肥将加快水库的富营养化进程,必须预防其潜在危害。     

高密度聚乙烯防渗材料的抗老化性能研究

对我国大陆首次研制成功的高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）防渗材料在浸泡条件下的抗化学老化性能进行了系统测试,并与美国产品进行了比较。结果表明：在氢氧化钠溶液、１６．７％硝酸、３３．３％硝酸和三氯乙烯４种溶液中长期浸泡后,国产产品抗化学老化性能指标分别为０．７７５、２．８、３．１５和３．１５,已经全面达到国际水平。