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931.
932.
Renyan Duan Chao Wang Xiao-an Wang Zhihong Zhu Hua Guo 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2009,40(7):501-509
We compared differences in plant species diversity between conifer (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantations and natural secondary forests in the middle of the Loess plateau. The goal of the study was to examine the differences
in the effect of stand development on species diversity and in species responses to changes between forest types and between
forest layers. To clarify the effects of differences in forest management, we emphasized the functional types of plant species
occurring in each forest type. The result as follow: (1) The H′ and S of tree layer were significantly lower in natural conifer forest than old conifer and secondary forest, but were not different
compared with mid aged conifer forest. The H′ and S of shrub layer were significantly lower in mid aged conifer forest compared with other forest types. The H′ of herb layer showed no significant differences in the four forest types. The evenness index (J′) of tree layer of mid aged conifer forest was lower than other forest communities and its J′ of shrub layer was highest although its richness of shrub layer was lower than in the other forest types. (2) The analysis
of β diversity index also indicated large differences between conifer plantations and natural forests. Although the tree layer
species were similar in old plantation and natural conifer forests, they differed greatly between the natural conifer and
secondary forests. The natural conifer and secondary forest species composition in shrub layer differed significantly from
those in plantation and secondary plots. Tree species were significantly less common in plantations than in abandoned coppice
forests. Species composition in the herb layer of different forest types was similar. (3) The management of P. tabulaeformis plantations alters plant species composition considerably; the number of sub tall-tree species is increased in old aged conifer
forest, especially species dispersed by animals. Plantation management appears to affect ecological processes through seed
dispersal. From the perspective of management, the change in the structure and composition of the canopy in plantations could
affect the behavior of dispersers and regeneration. 相似文献
933.
生物接触氧化/超滤/反渗透法处理稠油污水试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用生物接触氧化/超滤/反渗透工艺,对陈家庄稠油污水进行了深度处理回用注汽锅炉给水试验研究.试验结果表明,进水含油量为8.1~67.0 mg/L,浊度为35~120 NTU,矿化度为10 454~11 354 mg/L时,生物接触氧化/超滤出水含油量为<0.8 mg/L,浊度为<0.5 NTU,污染密度指数(SDI)<3,各项指标满足反渗透进水要求.反渗透出水矿化度<950 mg/L,出水各项指标优于高压注汽锅炉进水指标. 相似文献
934.
Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Burkhard Wilske Nan Lu Long Wei Shiping Chen Tonggang Zha Chenfeng Liu Wenting Xu Asko Noormets Jianhui Huang Yafen Wei Jun Chen Zhiqiang Zhang Jian Ni Ge Sun Kirk Guo Steve McNulty Ranjeet John Xingguo Han Guanghui Lin Jiquan Chen 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp3) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp6) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp3, ET was 2% higher at Kp3 (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May–September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp6 was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp3. It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp3 provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100–200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management. 相似文献
935.
服装热湿舒适性能评价方法综述1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
评价服装热湿舒适性能的方法有很多,包括主观和客观评价,物理、生理和心理方面的评价,以及各种具体的评价方法,但是一直没有对这些方法进行全面汇总研究.本文正是基于以上目的,对于服装热湿舒适性能研究中所用到的评价方法及其适用性逐一分析,最后对全面评价服装热湿舒适性能给出建议. 相似文献
936.
937.
938.
四城市空气粗、细颗粒物元素质量谱及富集特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以武汉市 X荧光光谱分析数据为例 ,介绍了粗、细颗粒物中元素的质量谱及富集特征。并且 ,比较了广州、武汉、兰州、重庆四城市的污染元素及可能污染元素的某些富集特征 相似文献
939.
室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统影响的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过对污染区和对照区 2 0 0 0多名学龄儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率比较 ,并运用非条件 Logistic回归分析方法 ,就室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响 ,进行了研究。结果显示 ,污染区室内外空气污染较严重 ,大气中TSP、SO2 和 NOx 的浓度均超过国家二级标准 ,其儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率明显高于对照区。对儿童呼吸系统发病有显著影响的环境因素是 :大气污染、被动吸烟、家庭燃煤、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度。其中咳嗽与以上五个因素有显著的正相关关系 (P<0 .0 5) ;除被动吸烟外 ,支气管炎与其它四个因素呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;咳痰与大气污染、被动吸烟、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度 ,气喘和呼吸系统疾病住院率与大气污染和室内油烟污染正相关关系显著 (P<0 .0 5)。哮喘与室内外空气污染无显著的统计学联系 相似文献
940.
空气污染对儿童肺功能指标影响的初步分析 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
报告中国 4城市 8所小学儿童肺功能指标受室外空气污染影响的结果。以 FVC/预测值 (85% )、FEV1 /预测值(85% )、FEV1 / FVC(实测值之比 ) (80 % )作为判断肺功能指标异常的参考标准 ,并将 8所小学按污染程度分为污染严重和污染较轻两类三组。污染严重组儿童肺功能指标的异常率均比污染较轻组要高。空气的严重污染 ,可使儿童肺功能FVC、FEV1 、FEV1 / FVC异常率的危险程度分别增高 3 0 %~ 78%、52 %~ 86%和 1 0 2 %~ 1 2 7%。异常组儿童的 FVC、FEV1 的平均值约下降 3 3 0~ 4 60 ml,FEV1 / FVC平均值约下降 1 3 %~ 1 5%。说明空气的严重污染对儿童肺功能生长发育可能有不利影响 相似文献