加强油田清洁生产管理达标治理采油废水

根据胜利油田采油废水达标治理工程的进展概况，分析了从中取得的经验与教训，并对今后的工作开展提出了建议。     

锅炉除尘脱硫及其废水回用系统的经济损益分析

以燃煤锅炉掺烧固硫除尘脱硫及其废水回用系统为研究对象，利用环境系统费用效益分析方法，分析了该系统的环保投入和取得的环境效益。结果表明：对燃烧高硫煤的８０ｔ／ｈ规模的锅炉房，环保费用的现值为３１２６万元，环保效益的现值为９７２９万元，费用与效益之比为１∶３１１。结果说明锅炉掺烧固硫除尘脱硫及其废水循环技术具有很好的经济效益。该分析方法和结果为燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫工艺方案的选择和系统的优化研究提供了基础。     

北京市地下水中典型抗生素分布特征与潜在风险

应用气相色谱与质谱联用仪分析了北京市地下水内磺胺类(SAs)、氟喹诺酮类(FQs)、四环素类(TCs)、β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类等5大类抗生素.结果表明,北京地下水抗生素以SAs、FQs和TCs等3类为主,检出率分别为78.9%、100%和47.3%,其中甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、环丙沙星(CIP)和诺氟沙星(NOR)检出率均在70%以上.污灌区地下水样点抗生素浓度显著高于水源地和南水回灌区样点,磺胺二甲嘧啶(SDD)和磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)在污灌区检出峰值达到236 ng·L-1和96.8ng·L-1.生态风险评价结果表明,研究区地下水抗生素污染风险较小,但在污灌区显示中等或高等风险等级.CIP应作为研究区地下水抗生素监测中的重点监测对象.     

利用发光菌和大型蚤对北方某城市再生水急性毒性的调查

利用发光菌和大型蚤作为受试生物测定了北方某城市5个再生水原水(城市污水厂二级出水)和2个再生水处理系统的各工艺出水的急性毒性.结果表明,各再生水原水对大型蚤和发光菌具有不同程度的毒性效应,其中工业废水占较大比例的K和B厂再生水原水的大型蚤48 h总抑制率分别高达90%和100%,发光菌发光抑制率分别达到74.2%和46...     

Abnormal glucose regulation in pyrethroid pesticide factory workers

The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between pyrethroids occupational exposures, and risk of abnormal glucose regulation. Data from total of 3080 subjects in two pesticide factories were used. This was a population-based case-controlled study in China. In total, 18.3% of subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 6.5% of subjects with diabetes, and the prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation was 24.8%, 86 subjects had known type 2 diabetes and 114 had newly diagnosed diabetes. The prevalence of subjects with abnormal glucose regulation increased from 21.3% in the controls to 29.3% in the exposures (χ² = 33.182, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression was used to control potential confounders and calculate odd ratios as the estimate of effect. An indication of increased risk for abnormal glucose regulation was noted for exposure to pyrethroids (OR = 1.482, 95%CI = 1.238-1.774). Abnormal glucose regulation is common in subjects exposed to pyrethroids. The present investigation indicates the adverse health effects of pyrethroids are underestimated.     

厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）生物滤池反应器的启动特性

采用平行对比实验,讨论不同实验条件下上向流厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）滤池反应器的启动特性。对比条件为温度、接种污泥、联氨和羟胺。结果表明：温度是影响厌氧氨氧化细菌活性的主要因素;接种200mL具有活性的厌氧氨氧化污泥后,在避光、加热38℃、不控制联氨和羟氨的条件下,45d可成功启动厌氧氨氧化滤池反应器;反应过程NH4^＋N：NO2^-·N：NO3-N的化学计量摩尔比为1：1．17：0．30,其总氮去除率达到87．38％,总氮容积去除负荷可达到1．41kg／（m^3·d）。     

Characterization of an efficient catalytic and organic solvent-tolerant azoreductase toward methyl red from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) phosphodiesterase gene (SO 4396) of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 which was analyzed to have azoreductase activity was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The ACP phosphodiesterase was found to reach maximum enzyme velocity 220.59 U/mg, named azoreductase in this study. The azoreductase had highest specific activity (153.16 U/mg) at pH 6.5, which showed a preference for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as electron donor. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the azoreductase had preference for NADH and dependence for flavin mononucleotide (FMN). However, the azoreductase from S. oneidensis MR-1 still had high enzyme activity in the absence of FMN. The Mg²⁺ had a positive influence on the enzyme activity with 25 mM concentration, whereas Cr³⁺, Cd²⁺ usually had significantly negative effect on enzyme activity. The purified azoreductase retained nearly 100 % activity after incubating in 30 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 30 % acetone, 30 % methanol, 20 % ethanol, 20 % isopropanol, and 10 % propanol.     

采用数值风洞模型对热电厂烟塔合一大气污染扩散的研究

随着城市的快速建设,城市建筑的高度和体量不断增加,同时大气污染源的排放方式和排放状态也与从前发生了很大的变化,特别是热电厂采用烟塔合一排放方式的出现,对常规应用的稳态远距离以统计学为基础理论的高斯大气预测方法提出了挑战。目前国内外广泛使用的大气污染物预测模式——德国模式在烟塔合一排放方式的预测上存在着许多关键性问题,如大风下洗条件下,冷却塔附近空腔区的大小和范围、空腔区污染物最高地面浓度等无法给出准确的预测结果。为准确预测烟塔合一排放方式的大气污染物扩散情况,采用一种新的大气污染物扩散的预测模式——数值风洞模型进行模拟预测研究,预测结果表明,在烟塔合一排放方式下,大气污染物最高地面浓度随风速增加而增加,同时在冷却塔下风向存在负压区,污染物在该区域高浓度聚集。且在夏季6.0m/s风速下,冷却塔下风向最高地面浓度出现峰值,属于最不利的气象条件。数值风洞模型可利用图形化手段实现对空腔区产生、变化、破碎至再生成的全过程描述,从而建立了一种大气污染预测的重要手段。     

气升回流一体化工艺处理生活污水简

针对分散型生活污水处理开发了气升回流一体化工艺,以校园生活污水为对象,研究其对生活污水中污染物的去除效果。该系统由好氧区、厌氧区、沉淀区和气升室组成,以曝气的剩余气体的气升作用实现混合液的回流,节省动力消耗。结果表明,本工艺对COD、氨氮及悬浮物（SS）有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到80%、90%和75%左右,出水COD、NH₄⁺-N及SS平均浓度在40 mg/L、6.5 mg/L和10 mg/L左右。当进水COD在100~1 000 mg/L之间波动时,出水水质稳定。该工艺有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,且可实现剩余污泥的自消解。本工艺具有结构紧凑、占地少,运行费用低,维护简单的特点。