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391.
Nirankar Singh Ravinder Agarwal Amit Awasthi Prabhat K. Gupta Susheel K. Mittal 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(10):1292-1300
Aerosol (total suspended particulate) samples collected at three diverse locations (urban-commercial, semi-urban and rural-agricultural) in Patiala, India were analyzed for loss on ignition (LOI) and organic tarry matter (OTM) content in ambient air during crop residue burning (CRB) episodes and non-crop residue burning (NCRB) months in 2006–2007. Results showed high levels of LOI and OTM during wheat and rice crop residue-burning periods at all the sites. Higher levels were obtained during rice crop residue-burning period as compared to the wheat residue-burning period. At semi-urban site, LOI varied between 53 ± 36 μg m?3 and 257 ± 14 μg m?3 constituting 38–78% (w/w) part of the aerosols whereas levels of OTM varied between 0.98 ± 0.11 μg m?3 and 7.93 ± 2.76 μg m?3 comprising 0.42–3.28% (w/w) fraction. At rural-agricultural area site, levels of LOI varied between 86 ± 40 μg m?3 and 293 ± 70 μg m?3 comprising 27–84% (w/w), whereas OTM levels varied between 1.31 ± 0.64 μg m?3 and 10.09 ± 6.56 μg m?3 constituting 0.83–2.42% (w/w) fraction of the aerosols. At urban-cum-commercial site, levels of LOI and OTM varied between 48 ± 23 μg m?3 and 281 ± 152 μg m?3 and 2.53 ± 1.23 μg m?3 and 17.40 ± 8.50 μg m?3, constituting 24–62% (w/w) part of the aerosols, respectively. Results also indicated that OTM and LOI were integral parts of aerosols and their concentrations were influenced by the crop residue burning practices with incorporated effect of vehicular activities in Patiala. 相似文献
392.
Thakur Ravindra Singh Kumar Aditya Lugun Onila Ansari Nasreen Ghazi Prasad Satgur Das Triparna Gupta Neha Patel Devendra Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(10):25181-25192
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, special attention has been given to emission research that led to the deposition of toxicants from road traffic. Thus, it is... 相似文献
393.
K.D.P. Nigam R.K. Srivastav S.K. Gupta P. Vasudevan 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1998,3(4):249-258
A mathematical model is developed for metal ions uptake by aquatic plants. The model is based on a mechanism which assumes
that the complex biological substances present in the plant react with the metal ions to form complexes of these ions at the
solution–plant interface, and then the metal complexes diffuse through a membrane towards the bulk phase of the plant because
of the concentration gradients present in the membrane. The model predicts the decreasing capacity of the plants for metal
ions uptake as the contact time between the solution and the plant is increased. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory
for the removal of chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc by measuring metal ions uptake by two aquatic plants, Salvinia
and Spirodela, in the solution of these metal ions of concentration ranging from 1 to 8 ppm. After estimating the parameters
of the model, it is used for predicting the metal ions concentration in the solution as a function of time and the metal ions
concentration inside the plants after 14 days of contact time. The comparison of the model predictions with the experimental
results shows excellent agreement. The above model may be used for design and analysis of an aquatic‐plant‐based waste water
treatment system.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
394.
395.
Gupta DK Tripathi RD Rai UN Mishra S Srivastava S Dwivedi S Maathuis FJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):479-487
Growth and metal accumulation were investigated in two Cicer arietinum L. varieties (var. CSG-8962 and var. C-235) when grown in various combinations of fly ash (FA) amended with garden soil (GS),
press mud (PM) or saw dust (SD). In addition, the levels of photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, cysteine,
non-protein thiols (NP-SH), and ascorbic acid were studied. FA amended with GS or PM led to a 5–10 times increase in biomass
compared to FA control and was most pronounced in the less metal tolerant variety CSG-8962. Amendment of FA with either GS
or PM only moderately increased the contents of some essential metals whereas the non-essential Cd and Cr remained similar
or decreased slightly compared to FA control. FA combined with either GS or PM increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments
and was largely absent when SD was added to FA. Improved nitrogen availability led to increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity
with all amendments but less so with SD. Metal stress indicating parameters were generally reduced (cysteine and non-protein
thiols) or unchanged (ascorbic acid). In conclusion, of the tested ameliorants both GS and PM greatly improved growth of C. arietinum making FA a suitable component of plant growth substrates. 相似文献
396.
397.
Margo van den Brink Sander Meijerink Catrien Termeer Joyeeta Gupta 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(3):981-995
It is generally acknowledged that adapting low-lying, flood-prone deltas to the projected impacts of climate change is of great importance. Deltas are densely populated and often subject to high risk. Climate-proof planning is, however, not only a new but also a highly complex task that poses problems for existing institutional and administrative structures, which are the product of times in which climate issues were of little importance. This paper assesses the capacity of the historically grown Dutch planning institutions to promote climate-proof planning for flood-prone areas. The Adaptive Capacity Wheel provides the methodological framework. The analysis focuses on two planning projects in the west of the Netherlands: the Zuidplas Polder project at the regional level and the Westergouwe project at the local level. It is shown that the planning institutions involved in these projects enable climate-proof planning, but to a limited extent. They face five institutional weaknesses that may cause risks on the long term. To climate-proof urban developments in flood-prone areas, it is necessary to break through the strong path–dependent development of planning institutions and to build in more flexibility in existing rules and procedures. 相似文献
398.
Sanyal D Rani A Alam S Gujral S Gupta R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,180(1-4):97-113
Increased water use associated with rapid growth in the Las Vegas Valley has inadvertently led to the creation of unique wetland systems in Southern Nevada with an abundance of biological diversity. Constructed and naturally created wetlands in the Las Vegas Valley watershed were studied to characterize and understand their potential role for improving ecosystem services (i.e., water purification). Nutrient and metal removal was assessed at four sites including a natural urban runoff wetland, a constructed urban runoff wetland, a constructed wastewater wetland, and a natural urban runoff/wastewater wetland. Plant nutrient uptake was dependent on ambient nutrient concentrations in water and sediments of specific wetlands, irrespective of the type of plants present. Phosphorus was mostly concentrated in below-ground plant parts whereas nitrogen was concentrated in above-ground parts. As for metalloids, bulrushes were more efficient than cattails at taking up arsenic and selenium. Averaging all the wetland sites and plant species, total nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and selenium removal was 924.2, 61.5, 0.30, and 0.38 kg/ha/year, respectively. Our findings suggest that natural and created wetland systems can improve water quality in the Las Vegas Valley watershed for some common pollutants, however, other measures are still needed to improve water quality below regulatory thresholds. 相似文献
399.
Rajat Gupta 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):613-621
Traditional safety and health system measurement procedures, practiced in various industries produce qualitative results with a degree of uncertainty. This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based approach to developing a fuzzy model for assessing the safety and health status in the tea industry. For this, the overall safety and health status at a tea estate has been considered as a function of 4 inputs: occupational safety, occupational health, behavioral safety and competency. A set of fuzzy rules based on expert human judgment has been used to correlate different fuzzy inputs and output. Fuzzy set operations are used to calculate the safety and health status of the tea industry. Application of the developed model at a tea estate showed that the safety and health status belongs to the fuzzy class of good with a crisp value of 7.2. 相似文献
400.