锑矿区酸性岩排水产生潜力预测研究

酸性岩排水(ARD)潜力预测研究对于预防、控制和治理金属矿山环境污染问题具有重要意义。本文应用酸碱估算法(ABA)和净产酸测试法(NAG),对贵州独山半坡锑矿区的19个代表性样品进行了产酸潜力评价,并应用各种分类标准对样品进行产酸能力分类。研究结果表明,所有的(废)矿石样品都具有产酸潜力(PAF),需要对(废)矿石进行有效的防控,以阻止酸性岩排水的产生。围岩样品的产酸潜力取决于采样点,尾矿样品没有产酸潜力(NAF)。ABA和NAG测试结果表明NAPP和NAGpH分类评价法适用于本研究区内样品ARD的预测评估。     

化工园区企业环境适宜度评价研究初探

本研究在阐明化工园区企业环境适宜度评价研究目的的基础上,根据化工园区的特点,采用层次分析法,构建了由经济、物质消耗、污染物排放、管理、社会、辅助6个领域、24个分项、96个单项评价因子组成的评价指标体系,并在具体的规划环评工作实践中确定了各级评价指标、评价指标计算数学模式以及评价结果综合评级方法,为化工园区企业环境综合整治提供了技术依据。本指标体系基本上涵盖了化工区企业与环境关联的主要方面,可以比较全面、客观地对化工园区企业的环境适宜度作出评判。     

曝气和阿科蔓填料对月湖围隔中的水质改善作用

在重富营养化的武汉月湖建立围隔,研究了曝气和投放阿科蔓填料对水质的改善作用。结果表明:建立围隔(5m×5m)后,会使内外水的TP浓度产生明显差异,发生水华的程度和频率增加,进而对透明度(SD)、Chla和COD造成负面影响;水下曝气、放置水花生浮床能够减轻水华发生的频率和程度。经13个月的曝气(每天2~3小时),能够明显降低水中的TN浓度,对TP和COD没有明显影响,在有水华时,能够通过抑制水华而降低Chla,提高SD;在没有水华时,对Chla和SD无明显影响。经11个月的围隔实验,投放阿科蔓(每个围隔2m)2能够能够降低COD和Chla浓度,提高SD,但对TN、TP浓度没有明显影响。     

优化模型在污泥处理厂选址中的应用

在我国大中城市,污水处理厂的不断兴建使污泥处理问题应运而生。采用混合整数优化模型可以解决污泥处理厂的科学选址问题,达到科学布点、合理运输、节省投资费用的目的。在传统厂群规划模型的基础上将目标规划、周密的约束条件等融于其中,并采用对于线形规划和非线性规划问题适用的LINGO软件进行求解。根据东莞市拟建的36个污水处理厂污泥产生预测情况,对污泥处理厂的设置进行了分析预测,详细对比了建一个、两个、三个污泥处理厂的运输费用、投资费用、运行费用等,最终确定兴建两个规模均为800t/d的处理厂,其位置分别位于东莞市厚街镇和常平镇,为厂址选择和规模提供了科学依据和保障。     

煤矸石作无土栽培基质的可行性研究

煤矸石是我国煤炭工业主要的废弃物之一,一方面占用大量农田和土地,另一方面也成为固、液和气三害俱全的污染源,造成了一系列生态环境问题。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化,试验在分析煤矸石的理化性质的基础上,采用复合脱硫剂对煤矸石进行脱硫处理,探讨了脱硫煤矸石基质对小白菜的生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:煤矸石的容重小、孔隙度大、气水比适中,无重金属污染。当加入复合脱硫剂处理时,其对全硫和有效硫的脱除率分别为86.12%和89.16%。脱硫煤矸石基质栽培小白菜产量、维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别为4.51kg/m2、45.76mg/100g、60.2mg/kg,均高于土壤栽培,分别为土壤栽培的1.11、1.24、1.23倍,与炉渣栽培相接近,NO3-含量却低于土壤。     

矿产资源开发的生态地质环境风险研究——以甘孜州东部为例

甘孜州东部是我国矿产资源富集区和生态地质环境脆弱区之一,生态地质环境承载力呈现出南优北差、西优东差的格局。据矿业历史及现状影响,建立承载力—矿业活动关系模式,将承载力分为正荷载、等荷载和超荷载三种状态。采用生态地质环境危险性与潜在损失承载体求积运算的方式获取风险值,并进行四级风险区划。风险空间分布大体呈现出东高西低、北高南低的形态,矿业活动区及其缓冲区、小流域、大流域都处于风险联动的系统内,风险区划与承载力区划成正相关关系。针对生态地质环境风险提出加强小矿有序开发、加强勘查和开发过程管理、提高矿产资源利用效率、构建监测系统和加强矿山环境问题治理等应对措施。     

Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that ultrasound at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and power of 480 W. Under the condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound power was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of power during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.