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41.
Pei-Sin Keng Siew-Ling Lee Sie-Tiong Ha Yung-Tse Hung Siew-Teng Ong 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(1):15-25
The rapid growth of the human population and industrialization in the world has indirectly increased environmental problems such as water, air and land pollution. Amongst all, heavy metals can be considered as the most problematic pollutants. Numerous efforts have been attempted to minimize the impact of heavy metals. This chapter discusses the recent developments and technical applicability of different treatment methods for heavy metal removal. The adsorption process using various low-cost materials as the potential alternative for heavy metal removal is being highlighted and summarized. 相似文献
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
46.
Haïfa Ben Mna Walid Oueslati Mohamed Amine Helali Noureddine Zaaboub Ayed Added Lotfi Aleya 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(7):356
To examine the state of pollution of Bizerte Lagoon which is exposed to intense anthropogenic pressure, two sediment cores were taken at two sites, one undergoes the dual effects of both marine waters arriving from the Mediterranean Sea through the Channel, and also of freshwater from the Tinja River; the other core is located at the center of the lagoon where water depth is maximal (12 m). Heavy metal concentrations in the two cores were assessed, with calculated enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indexes. Core sediments were also studied for chemical speciation and their monosulfide contents were measured. Results from enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indexes show an accumulation of Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb, while chemical speciation revealed a risk only from Cd and Mn. Comparison of sequential extraction values with those of acid volatile sulfides revealed that non-toxic effects may be caused by any of the studied metals in the sediment. 相似文献
47.
The coastal waters at many beaches in California and the United States are afflicted with fecal pollution, which poses a health
risk for people exposed to the water through recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and diving. Identifying sources
of pollution is complicated by oceanographic transport/mixing processes and the nonconservative behavior of microorganisms
exposed to sunlight and hostile marine conditions. This article investigates the variation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)
concentrations in the surf zone and the adjacent coastal marsh by applying autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses
that illustrate solar and tidal modulations. A steady state bioreactor model was developed to explain solar inactivation in
the surf zone, whereas a dynamic model was applied to explain tidally influenced disturbances in the coastal marsh. These
models applied to intensive monitoring datasets on FIB and environmental variables have provided insights into the biologic
and physical processes controlling coastal water quality, specifically the influence of sunlight and tides on bacterial levels. 相似文献
48.
Walter Leal Filho Francine Modesto Gustavo J. Nagy Mustafa Saroar Nsani YannickToamukum Michael Ha’apio 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(4):579-602
This paper describes a comparative study of four different cases on vulnerability, hazards and adaptive capacity to climate threats in coastal areas and communities in four developing countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon and Uruguay. Coastal areas are vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR), storm surges and flooding due to their (i) exposure, (ii) concentration of settlements, many of which occupied by less advantaged groups and (iii) the concentration of assets and services seen in these areas. The objective of the paper is twofold: (i) to evaluate current evidence of coastal vulnerability and adaptive capacity and (ii) to compare adaptation strategies being implemented in a sample of developing countries, focusing on successful ones. The followed approach for the case evaluation is based on (i) documenting observed threats and damages, (ii) using indicators of physical and socioeconomic vulnerability and adaptive capacity status and (iii) selecting examples of successful responses. Major conclusions based on cross-case comparison are (a) the studied countries show different vulnerability, adaptive capacity and implementation of responses, (b) innovative community-based (CBA) and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and (c) early warning systems are key approaches and tools to foster climate resilience. A recommendation to foster the resilience of coastal communities and services is that efforts in innovative adaptation strategies to sea-level rise should be intensified and integrated with climate risk management within the national adaption plans (NAPAs) in order to reduce the impacts of hazards. 相似文献
49.
Phuong NM Kang Y Sakurai K Sugihara M Kien CN Bang ND Ngoc HM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4501-4515
This study investigated the arsenic (As) level in groundwater, and the characteristics of aquifer sediment as related to the occurrence of As in groundwater in Hanam, Vietnam. The deposition and transport of As-containing substances through rivers were also examined. Arsenic concentrations in 88% of the groundwater samples exceeded the As limit for drinking water based on the WHO standards. The dominating form of arsenic was As(III). The maximum total As content in bore core sediment was found in a peat horizon of the profiles and generally, elevated levels of As were also found in other organic matter-rich horizons. Total As contents of the bore core sediments were significantly correlated with crystalline iron oxide, silt and clay contents, suggesting that As in aquifer sediment was mainly associated with iron (hydr)oxides and clay mineral. In the groundwater, As concentration showed significant correlations with the total concentrations of Fe and HCO (3)(-). Significant correlations between HCl-extractable As and non-crystalline Fe oxide, total C, N, and S were also observed in the profiles. The results support the hypothesis that under favorable reductive conditions established by the degradation of organic matter, the dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides releases adsorbed As into the groundwater. The deposition of As in the sediments from the Red River were significantly higher than that in the Chau Giang River, suggesting that the Red River is the main source of As-containing substances deposited in the study area. 相似文献
50.
Takuro Nishina Chu Ngoc Kien Nguyen Van Noi Ha Minh Ngoc Chul-Sa Kim Sota Tanaka Kōzō Iwasaki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,169(1-4):285-297
This study assessed pesticide residues in soils, sediments, and vegetables in the Xuan Khe and Hop Ly communes located along the Chau Giang River in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. Samples were collected from agricultural areas within and outside of embankments built to prevent flooding. In Xuan Khe, the soils outside of the embankment were more clayey with higher organic matter contents compared with the inside, due to selective deposition during river flooding. Many of the soils contained significant amounts of pesticides including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dicofol, isoprothiolane, and metalaxyl although their levels were below the maximum allowable concentration set by the Vietnamese government. The spectrum of DDT derivatives found suggested that the source of DDTs was not contaminated dicofol. Soils in Hop Ly resembled soils in Xuan Khe but were relatively sandy; one field showed appreciable contents of DDT derivatives. The ratios of (p,p ′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene + p,p ′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane)/∑DDT in the surface and subsurface soils in Hop Ly were 0.34 and 0.57, suggesting that the DDTs originated from recent application. Pesticide residues in soils were not likely to translocate into vegetable crops, except for metalaxyl. High concentrations of cypermethrins in kohlrabi leaves could be ascribed to foliar deposition. 相似文献