微分脉冲阴极溶出伏安法测定环境水样中的痕量硒

采用微分脉冲阴极溶出法测定环境水样中的痕量硒,以银电极为工作电极,在酸性介质0.06mol.l^-1HCl-0.07mol.l^-1HNO3溶液中于－0.35V(vs SCE)处富集20min,使Se(IV)电沉积为硒化银,然后,以40mV.s^-1的扫速,在碱性介质2．0mol.l^-1NaOH溶液中阴极溶出至－1.2V(vsSCE),硒化银被还原为银的溶出峰电位约为－0.85V(vs SCE),硒的分析校正曲直到40ng.ml^-1仍然成线性,检测下限为11.5pg.ml^-1,相关系为0.9982,灵敏度为10.93uA/ng.ml^-1,20ng.ml^-1的RSD（n=5)为1．26％,检出限（3σ为3.46pg.ml^-1,环境水样中常见离子的存在不干扰痕量硒的测定。     

城市暴雨灾害的影响程度及对策研究——以长沙市为例

通过对近年暴雨资料、城市建成区平均高程数据和城市排水管网资料的考察,以及对城市暴雨灾害危险性、脆弱性、暴露性的分析,制定了适用于长沙市的暴雨灾害风险评估方法。利用该方法对长沙市现有建成区798个地块的暴雨灾害风险进行了评估,将其分为高风险区、中风险区、低风险区3个类别。在此基础上,总结了长沙市暴雨灾害风险区的分布规律,并提出了一系列对策措施,包括更新城市排水管网、建设地下集水库、建立雨水自排系统和建设紧急排涝系统等。     

Fine root decomposition and nutrient release in Toona sinensis plantation under the reconstruction mode of low-efficiency cypress forest gaps北大核心CSCD

Fine root decomposition is an important way in which nutrients are returned to plantation soil; thus, further study of this process will be helpful for understanding material cycling in forest ecosystems. We investigated a Toona sinensis plantation in the central Sichuan hilly region using litter bags containing T. sinensis fine roots to evaluate the dynamics of fine root decomposition and nutrient release for one year in forest gaps of 50 m2 (L1), 100 m2 (L2), and 150 m2 (L3). The results showed that T. sinensis fine root decomposition was fastest in the first 90 days. As time passed, the decomposition rate slowed. One year later, the residue rate was 75.44%, 73.92%, and 72.07%, respectively. The fine root decomposition rate of L3 was greater than that of L2, which was greater than that of L1. During fine root decomposition, the dynamics of the fine root nutrient concentrations changed. C, P, and K concentrations of the fine roots declined in forest gaps, while N, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased overall in the fine roots. In conclusion, forest gaps had effects on the fine root decomposition and nutrient release of T. sinensis, and different sized forest gaps produced different results. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Characteristic and correlation analysis of influent and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu Basin

Poor biodegradability and insufficient carbon source are discovered from influent. Influent indices presented positively normal distribution or skewed distribution. Average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin was as high as 0.458 kWh/m³. Energy consumption increases with the increase in influent volume and COD reduction. The total energy consumption decreases with the NH₃-N reduction. The water quality and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taihu Basin were evaluated on the basis of the operation data from 204 municipal WWTPs in the basin by using various statistical methods. The influent ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total nitrogen (TN) of WWTPs in Taihu Basin showed normal distribution, whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), suspended solid (SS), and total phosphorus (TP) showed positively skewed distribution. The influent BOD₅/COD was 0.4%–0.6%, only 39.2% SS/BOD₅ exceeded the standard by 36.3%, the average BOD₅/TN was 3.82, and the probability of influent BOD₅/TP>20 was 82.8%. The average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin in 2017 was 0.458 kWh/m³. The specific energy consumption of WWTPs with a daily treatment capacity of more than 5 × 10⁴ m³ in Taihu Basin was stable at 0.33 kWh/m³. A power function relationship was observed between the reduction in COD and NH₃-N and the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction, and the higher the pollutant reduction is, the lower the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction presents. In addition, a linear relationship existed between the energy consumption of WWTPs and the specific energy consumption of influent volume and pollutant reduction. Therefore, upgrading and operation with less energy consumption of WWTPs is imperative and the suggestions for Taihu WWTPs based on stringent discharge standard are proposed in detail.     

应用物种敏感分布法建立铅的生态安全土壤环境基准研究

由于日益严重的人类活动干扰,土壤重金属铅(Pb)污染严重.开展Pb生态安全的土壤环境基准研究,合理制定铅的生态基准值,对更好地预防与控制土壤Pb生态风险,加强土壤Pb污染的环境管理具有重要意义.本研究通过调研国内外Pb的陆生生态毒性研究,筛选并构建重金属Pb的有效毒性数据库(10%效应浓度(EC10 )或无观察效应浓度...     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对人骨髓间充质干细胞PPARs亚型及分化潜能的影响

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors,PPARs)是全氟辛烷磺酸(perflurooctane sulfon-ate,PFOS)的首要分子靶标,但PPARs各亚型在PFOS毒性效应中可能产生不同调控作用,相关机理并不清楚.本研究采用人骨髓间...     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr^3＋的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr^3＋的吸附特性。交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单，但在制备过程中，活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大。与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比，交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48％，达到49．83mg／g（pH=2．53，水溶液中的Cr^3＋浓度为600mg／L），同时其机械强度明显增强。交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr^3＋的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合，将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一，从而简化了处理工艺，降低了处理成本。     

桂林“5.9”山体滑坡的暴雨成因分析

对造成2011年5月9日广西桂林咸水乡山体滑坡的暴雨成因进行了分析,结果表明,滑坡是由于暴雨因素诱发的地质灾害,短时强暴雨是造成山体滑坡的直接原因.大量的水汽传送到滑坡点,同时低层辐合抬升,因而滑坡点是大暴雨的发生地.滑坡发生滞后强降雨结束2.5h.滑坡点位于暴雨中心带,暴雨区位于高空急流的右侧,200h Pa为强烈辐散区,高空辐散带的走向与山脉走向一致.西南低空急流与地形的相互作用是暴雨形成的直接原因,雷达回波显示在“湘桂走廊”存在强风速的出流与横向风速梯度,对应反射率有弓状回波,同时具有前侧V形人流缺口和后侧V形下沉缺口等对流单体特征.     

基于重力加载比例法的岩质边坡稳定性分析

根据岩质边坡的稳定性主要由边坡内部的结构面所控制的特点,采用有限元重力加载比例法对含有一组平行节理面和含两组节理面的岩质边坡进行数值模拟,分析表明:与强度折减法相比,采用有限元重力加载比例法能更加快速地计算出岩质边坡的安全系数,节省计算耗时和人工干预的工作量,并能通过塑性应变的发展分析其破坏过程,确定潜在的滑动面。