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401.
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UF膜与混凝粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水 总被引:24,自引:3,他引:21
采用混凝、粉末活性炭和UF膜分离的联用技术对黄浦江原水进行试验 ,结果表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭可有效地去除溶解性有机物 .混凝处理主要去除大分子量的有机物 ,粉末活性炭主要去除低分子量的有机物 .混凝、粉末活性炭还能有效地去除三氯甲烷生成潜能 (THMFP) ,对于低分子量的THMFP ,混凝去除效果很差 ,而粉末活性炭去除很好 .试验还表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭还可大大降低膜的滤饼层阻力 ,当混凝剂投加量为 4mg/L时 ,膜的滤饼层阻力最小 . 相似文献
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The present work proposes a P-graph based approach capable of systematically generating all combinatorially feasible alternative sequences for both continuous and batch azeotropic distillation systems when the feeds, products, and operating units and their concomitant intermediate materials are known. To facilitate synthesis, a highly effective method has been established to identify processing or operating units necessary for constructing azeotropic-distillation systems by means of first principles and logical sequencing of such units. The materials represented in the space of the residue curve map are partitioned into lumped materials bounded by thermodynamic boundaries and pinches, e.g. distillation boundaries and liquid–liquid phase equilibrium envelope. Subsequently, the operating units are identified on the basis of these lumped materials. The proposed approach automatically discards the operating units and intermediates whose inclusion will lead to infeasible sequences. The efficacy of the approach is illustrated with a realistic example. 相似文献
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通过溶解性有机碳(DOC)、紫外-可见吸收光谱及三维荧光激发发射矩阵(3DEEM)分析,研究崇明岛前卫湖有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)的分布和来源.结果发现,表层水中DOC的空间分布比较均匀,变化范围为5.87~7.02mg*L-1,平均值为6.35mg*L-1.吸收光谱分析表明,校正吸收系数a355在养殖区最高,为4.58m-1,并呈向两边逐渐递减的趋势,暗示养殖区CDOM可能存在陆源之外的其他来源.进一步的荧光指数(f450/500)分析证实了水生生物源的存在,同时也表明前卫湖水体的CDOM总体上并没有明显偏向陆源或者水生生物源(f450/500为1.50~1.84),而a355与DOC含量的比值和荧光指数存在显著正相关(r=0.787,n=10,P<0.01),说明养殖区存在一个比较明显的生物信号,其可能来源为藻类.三维荧光的分析结果表明,类腐殖酸组分普遍存在于前卫湖CDOM中,且空间差异不大;而类蛋白组分的分布差异较大,可能是影响前卫湖CDOM空间分布的主要因素,这与上述生物源的分析结果相吻合. 相似文献
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Predicting tree diversity across the United States as a function of modeled gross primary production. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joanne M Nightingale Weihong Fan Nicholas C Coops Richard H Waring 《Ecological applications》2008,18(1):93-103
At the regional and continental scale, ecologists have theorized that spatial variation in biodiversity can be interpreted as a response to differences in climate. To test this theory we assumed that ecological constraints associated with current climatic conditions (2000-2004) might best be correlated with tree richness if expressed through satellite-derived measures of gross primary production (GPP), rather than the more commonly used, but less consistently derived, net primary production. To evaluate current patterns in tree diversity across the contiguous United States we acquired information on tree composition from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis program that represented more than 17,4000 survey plots. We selected 2693 cells of 1000 km2 within which a sufficient number of plots were available to estimate tree richness per hectare. Our estimates of forest productivity varied from simple vegetation indices indicative of the fraction of light intercepted by canopies at 16-d intervals, a product from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer), to 8- and 10-d GPP products derived with minimal climatic data (MODIS) and SPOT-Vegetation (Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre), to 3-PGS (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth with Satellites), which requires both climate and soil data. Across the contiguous United States, modeled predictions of gross productivity accounted for between 51% and 77% of the recorded spatial variation in tree diversity, which ranged from 2 to 67 species per hectare. When the analyses were concentrated within nine broadly defined ecoregions, predictive relations largely disappeared. Only 3-PGS predictions fit a theorized unimodal function by being able to distinguish highly productive forests in the Pacific Northwest that support lower than expected tree diversity. Other models predicted a continuous steep rise in tree diversity with increasing productivity, and did so with generally better or nearly equal precision with fewer data requirements. 相似文献
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在日处理200t进口流化床垃圾焚烧炉上,进行烟气喷水降温加上喷消石灰粉末脱除尾气中的酸性气体HCl和SO2的试验研究,HCl和SO2浓度由布袋除尘器出口的在线气体分析仪测得,结果表明HCl和SO2的去除率在Ca/Cl摩尔比等于9时分别为80%和20%,说明该法消石灰利用率较低,宜改为半干法脱除HCl和SO2酸性气体,以便降低吸收剂用量,提高运行的经济性. 相似文献