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41.
Makoto Tamura Motoharu Onuki Makiko Sekiyama Keishiro Hara Michinori Uwasu Nobuyuki Tsuji Gakushi Ishimura Noriyuki Tanaka Akihisa Mori Takashi Mino 《Sustainability Science》2018,13(3):849-860
The challenge for sustainability educational programs lies in how to imbue students with the strong motivation necessary to move the world in a more sustainable direction. Five universities in Japan have mutually collaborated in the design and development of a unique curriculum and education system for sustainability science since 2008. Specifically, they have developed a common and remote lecture system called the “Frontier of sustainability science” (FSS). This paper discusses the concepts and challenges of FSS and how it was organized to teach students to actively learn how to work with people of various disciplines to realize interdisciplinarity. 相似文献
42.
Asian nations are currently facing a number of challenges, including environmental degradation and growing societal inequalities,
in the course of their rapid economic growth and industrialization. Under such conditions, it is of critical importance to
develop appropriate assessment tools with which to comprehensively measure the sustainability status of a region in order
to guide its transformation into a sustainable society. This paper proposes a method of sustainability assessment consisting
of the three components of environment, resource, and socio-economic with aggregated time-series scores. This method can demonstrate
the relative sustainability scores of targeted regions for different time periods, thereby, enabling the comparison of relative
sustainability status for different regions over these periods. We carried out a case study of Chinese provinces for the years
2000 and 2005 using the proposed method and confirmed its applicability as the indicative type of sustainability assessment
at the regional level, while actually investigating the sustainability status and its chronological changes. The results indicated
that aggregate sustainability index scores improved between 2000 and 2005 in most provinces, mainly due to significant improvement
in the scores for the socio-economic component, whereas the scores for the environment component deteriorated in some provinces
over the study period. Our method proves to be effective in analyzing the relative sustainability status among targeted regions
for different time periods in the form of aggregate scores, paving the way for practical applications, such as policy analysis,
in the pursuit of a sustainable society. 相似文献
43.
The number, size, and carbon and nitrogen contents of eggs in the pouches of a euphausiid crustacean, Nematoscelis difficilis
Hansen, were examined. A clear linear relationship exists between the number of eggs in the pouch and the body weight of the maternal euphausiid. The eggs are not spherical in shape, and the size of eggs is greater in larger egg masses. The carbon content of the egg masses (50.2%) is higher than that of the bodies (40.7%). The carbon: nitrogen ratio (C/N) is also higher in the egg masses than in the bodies of euphausiids. The carbon content of the eggs is equivalent to 28.4% of the body carbon, the nitrogen content to 19.2% of the body nitrogen. 相似文献
44.
Funasaka K Miyazaki T Kawaraya T Tsuruho K Mizuno T Nakajima H Yamamoto T Hara H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1999,106(1):47-53
Atmospheric particulates were monitored on a typical high concentration day in early winter in Osaka, Japan, using a compact and portable eye-safe laser radar system. The height of mixing layer was about 0.4 km at 8:00 and gradually increased to 0.8 km at 14:00. The development of the layer was in inverse proportion to the decrease of particulates near the ground surface. Analysis of particulates collected with high-volume air samplers showed that concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), lead and ammonium ion near the surface decreased significantly from morning to midday, while concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, sodium and calcium ions were almost constant. The results obtained in the preliminary study suggest that anthropogenic particulates such as EC and lead are on the rise with development of mixing layer from morning to midday. 相似文献
45.
Kanjana Adulyanukosol Surasak Thongsukdee Takeshi Hara Nobuaki Arai Makoto Tsuchiya 《Marine Biology》2007,151(5):1887-1891
The seagrass beds at Muk Island and Talibong Island in Thailand are important areas for dugong (Dugong dugon) feeding and reproduction. We used opportunistic observations during aerial surveys to investigate dugong mating behavior
in shallow water areas near Talibong Island on three different days. The mating pattern was categorized by five stages: (1)
following: the male followed the female, (2) approaching and stimulating: the male approached and muzzled the female, (3)
pairing: both male and female swam in parallel, ventral to ventral or dorsal to dorsal side, (4) mounting: the male copulated
with the female, and (5) separating: the male and female swam in different directions. Parental care of calves included one
observation of a cow embracing her neonatal calf by the flippers. 相似文献
46.
It is desirable when drawing up a maritime traffic environmental project or a project for consolidating port and harbour facilities, that the safety of the maritime environment for shipping-traffic is assessed quantitatively, and that the rationale of a given project and the proposed safety measures are evaluated in an objective manner.In this report, the system flow and procedures to integrally assess the safety of the maritime traffic environment by systematically combining various simulation techniques are discussed first.Subsequently, the quantitative risk evaluation procedure for collisions of ships in waters with a high traffic density, among the assessment procedures above, and an outline of the shipping traffic flow simulation capable of reproducing ships′ movements, are described. In evaluating the results of simulations, a method introducing Subjective Judgement values (SJ-values) as indexes manifesting the subjective degree of danger felt by shiphandlers, is shown. The SJ-values were experimentally determined from simulator experiments using parameters representing the relation ship with other ships proceeding in the vicinity.Finally, some of the results of studies conducted for the recent construction of new LNG berths in Tokyo Bay are introduced as an example of practical safety assessment in this field. 相似文献
47.
Z. J. U. Malley M. Taeb T. Matsumoto H. Takeya 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(3):349-372
In Africa, the land and water resources quality are key factors for sustainable development. The degradation of the quality
of these resources leads to scarcities and conflicts, which together threaten the sustainability of rural livelihoods. This
work investigated and analysed the livelihoods conflicts over the land and water resources and their scarcities, policies
that contributed to the land and water scarcities and the livelihood conflicts and linkage of the conflicts to the resources
scarcities and degradation. Implications of degradation of the resources, development policies and livelihoods conflicts on
sustainable development are discussed. Literature study, visits and discussions, participatory assessments, observations and
questionnaire survey were used tools to collect data. Interviews of the 266 households revealed that, those experiencing the
land and water scarcities and conflicts over these resources are significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those not experiencing the scarcities and conflicts. Crop-livestock competition, over the land and water
resources causes prominent conflicts. A significant, (p < 0.05) associations of livelihoods conflicts to water shortage and period of water shortage for crop and livestock production
were found. Improved accessibility to soil and water management technologies, wildlife–livestock co-existence, recognition
of needs and land rights for pastoralists are recommended to minimize scarcities and herders versus farmers’ conflicts. 相似文献
48.
Educational initiative of Osaka University in sustainability science: mobilizing science and technology towards sustainability 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Michinori Uwasu Helmut Yabar Keishiro Hara Yoshiyuki Shimoda Tatsuyoshi Saijo 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(1):45-53
One of the most important and yet difficult challenges that modern societies face is how to mobilize science and technology
(S&T) to minimize the impact of human activities on the Earth’s life support systems. As the establishment of inter-disciplinary
education programs is necessary to design a unified vision towards understanding the complexity of human nature, the Research
Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) launched a new program on sustainability science in April 2008. The program expects
to address the issue of how to use knowledge more effectively to understand the dynamic interactions between nature and human
society. This paper first offers an overview of international and Japanese initiatives on sustainability education in which
we highlight the uniqueness of the attempt by the Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S). The paper
then introduces the RISS program for sustainability science, addressing the principles and curriculum design of the program.
The paper discusses the main problems and constraints faced when developing the program, such as institutional barriers in
building a curriculum and obtaining cooperation from faculty. To challenge these barriers and limitations, the RISS uses the
program as a platform to disseminate the idea of sustainability science across the university. This attempt helps us to obtain
the continuing cooperation necessary to improve and maintain the program.
相似文献
Michinori UwasuEmail: |
49.
Keishiro Hara Terukazu Kumazawa Michinori Kimura Kazutoshi Tsuda 《Sustainability Science》2016,11(3):493-503
In this paper, we present the emerging practices in Japanese local municipalities, in which participatory methods are applied to envision sustainable future and relevant target settings. We selected three local cases: Higashiomi city, Kizugawa city and Nagakute city as emerging initiatives. A comparative analysis was carried out to identify commonalities and differences, and to derive lessons for appropriate governance and systems for participatory deliberation in future visioning. We argue that the deliberation processes served as a platform for effective communication, and that installing a mechanism that allows reflexive deliberation processes is the key to make participatory methods fully functional. 相似文献
50.
Environmentally sustainable applications of agro-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS): an overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatimah Hafifah Mohd Hanafi Shahabaldin Rezania Shazwin Mat Taib Mohd Fadhil Md Din Masahito Yamauchi Mariko Sakamoto Hirofumi Hara Junboum Park Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1383-1396
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013. 相似文献