浅谈质量/环境/职业健康安全一体化管理体系的建立与实施

介绍了运用管理的系统方法,策划、推进及实施质量/环境/职业健康安全一体化管理体系的做法,并对各阶段体系建立的方法与措施进行了阐述.     

Annual nonmethane hydrocarbon trends in Beijing from 2000 to 2019

High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. However, the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) has rarely been studied. In this study, we examined the evolution of NMHCs in Beijing based on ambient measurements from 2000 to 2019. The results indicated that the annual variation of ambient NMHCs during 2000 and 2019 could be divided into two stages. The mixing ratios of NMHCs rapidly r...     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

生物膜法处理地表水研究与应用进展

介绍了目前中国地表水的污染概况,指出地表水污染情况依然不容乐观,主要污染指标为总氮和总磷,修复受污染地表水的主要方法为生物法,论述了生物技术中的生物膜法处理地表水的原理,总结并分析了国内外相关生物膜法处理技术及其优缺点,并列举了相关应用实例,最后根据国外河道整治的发展历程,对该技术的发展趋势作了展望,因生物膜-生态联合治理技术综合了生态系统方法及生物净化技术的优点,认为生物膜-生态联合治理技术将是今后地表水处理技术发展的一大趋势。     

La-Co-Fe-Cu/HZSM-5在尾气碳颗粒燃烧中的催化性能

采用柠檬酸络合低温浸渍法制备分子筛负载钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂。采用XRD、SEM和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂性能进行表征,并在微型固定床反应器中对催化剂进行活性评价。结果表明,在钙钛矿型复合氧化物中进行B位离子掺杂,可以改善催化活性,碳颗粒燃烧温度降低。在20%LaCoO3/HZSM-5催化剂中用铁离子部分取代钴离子可以改善碳颗粒的燃烧性能,取代量增加碳颗粒燃烧温度降低,但是生成CO2的选择性也降低,以20%LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3/HZSM-5为催化剂,Tig、Tm和Tf分别为256℃、399℃和403℃,但生成CO2的选择性只有72.5%。在20%LaCo1-xFexO3/HZSM-5中的钙钛矿型复合氧化物B位离子中加入铜离子后,在碳颗粒燃烧反应中生成CO2的选择性得到明显改善,Sco2提高10个单位以上。以20%LaCo0.2Fe0.6Cu0.2O3/HZSM-5为催化剂,在碳颗粒燃烧反应中生成CO2的选择性可以达到94.7%,Tig、Tm和Tf分别为242℃、427℃和445℃。     

淀山湖入湖水质净化的生态工程实践研究

作为上海境内最大的天然淡水湖泊以及黄浦江上游重要的水源保护地,淀山湖的水质状况对上海市饮用水水源安全起着举足轻重的作用。文章运用生物治理与工程措施相结合的手段,在淀山湖大朱厍港实施了净化人湖水质的生态工程试验。研究表明工程示范区域存在风浪大、水位较深、水流较急等特点,是水生植被尤其是沉水植物恢复的重要限制因素。通过选择...     

胜利油田区水体中环境雌激素生态风险评估

为了评价胜利油田石油开采对水体中雌激素生态风险。首先,检测胜利油田区26个样品中盐度、总氮、总磷、余氯、COD、石油烃类物质含量6个常规水质指标,结果发现水体中总氮及COD的含量均值达到5.2mg/L及64mg/L,这表明该区域有机污染物及富营养化程度比较严重。其次,利用人雌激素受体基因酵母干粉法检测了样品中环境雌激素含量,结果分析发现不同采样点间的雌激素污染水平不同,雌激素含量与水质指标间无显著相关性。样品中雌激素含量范围0.046-0.072ng/L,均值为0.062ng/L,雌激素水平相对较低,这证实胜利油田水体存在环境雌激素生态风险值也较低。     

省会城市不同功能区大气PM2.5化学组分季节变化及来源分析

为探究城市不同功能区大气PM_2.5污染水平、成分季节差异特征以及来源,采集了省会城市济南市2019年不同季节（春、秋、冬）3类典型功能区（城市市区、工业区、城乡结合区）和环境背景点植物园区的PM_2.5样品,对其浓度[ρ(PM_2.5)]、化学组分（水溶性离子、碳质组分、元素）和来源进行分析.结果表明采样期间3类功能区ρ(PM_2.5)在空间上呈现：工业区[（89.88±49.25）μg·m^-3]>城乡结合区[（86.73±57.24）μg·m^-3]>城市市区[（70.70±44.89）μg·m^-3],远大于植物园区[（44.36±21.54）μg·m^-3].各功能区ρ(PM_2.5)秋冬季明显高于春季,冬季最高值出现在城乡结合区,春季和秋季均为工业区最高.工业区各季PM_2.5中的水溶性离子浓度较高,主要的水溶性离子NO^-₃     

环境风险评价研究进展

环境风险评价是环境管理决策过程的重要组成部分,更是社会经济可持续发展的需要,也是环境科学发展的必然结果。经过几十年的发展,环境风险评价的科学理论体系已基本形成。主要介绍了环境风险评价的相关概念和发展情况,包括环境风险评价的研究内容、一般程序和评价方法,讨论了环境风险评价中的不确定性问题,给出了处理不确定性问题的两种方法-概率论和模糊理论,最后,在此基础上提出加强应用研究,以及多学科交叉和不确定性研究是今后环境风险评价的重要发展方向。     

Complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene over Ce02 nanocubes

The activities of CeO2 nanocubes calcined at different temperatures were tested for catalytic oxidation of o-xylene. Using CeO2 nanocubes as catalysts, complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene was achieved below 210℃. The CeO2 nanomaterials were characterized by means of BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). From the TEM images, all Ce02 nanocubes displayed cubic morphology irrespective of calcination temperature. The HRTEM images revealed that these nanocubes were enclosed by reactive {001}planes, which may contribute to the intrinsically catalytic property of o-xylene oxidation. The higher activity of Ce02 nanocubes calcined at 550℃ than those calcined at above 550℃ was attributed to their smaller crystallite size and larger surface area. The influences of reaction conditions were also studied, which found that a higher reaction temperature was necessary for complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at higher weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and o-xylene concentration.