Validity and reliability of a job factors questionnaire related to the work tasks of physical therapists

Physical therapists engage in work tasks that expose them to occupational risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders. Due to the gap in the literature on instruments focused on those workers, this study adapted a job factors questionnaire to physical therapists, and assessed its psychometric properties. The questionnaire was adapted and its content validity was established. The psychometric properties were evaluated among 142 physical therapists. Reliability was verified using the temporal-stability design and internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed with the known-groups technique. Test-retest results demonstrated intraclass correlation coefficients between .82 and .90 (p < .001). Cronbach's α of .91 verified the reliability of the questionnaire. The known-groups technique demonstrated a statistically significant difference on the scores of the items when physical therapists were compared to office workers. The results indicated that the adapted questionnaire had acceptable psychometric properties for assessing problematic job factors among physical therapists working in hospitals.     

村镇生活垃圾重金属含量及其来源分析

对全国12个省份72个典型村镇的生活垃圾进行采样调查,系统分析我国村镇生活垃圾中重金属污染特征及其可能来源.结果表明,我国北方典型村镇生活垃圾中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的含量分别为(7.51±8.89)、(0.64±0.42)、(21.91±12.29)、(4.82±8.37)、(86.36±59.99)、(36.43±15.98)、(62.19±36.61)和(46.07±25.22)mg·kg-1,南方典型村镇生活垃圾中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的含量分别为(7.43±8.82)、(0.83±0.74)、(21.62±13.76)、(1.84±4.55)、(131.06±74.96)、(37.20±16.80)、(98.04±63.71)和(46.75±25.75)mg·kg-1.与《城镇垃圾农用控制标准》(GB 8172-87)和《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)二级标准相比,重金属Cd和Hg超标较严重.通过聚类分析、Pearson相关分析和主成分分析解析垃圾中重金属污染物的来源,结果表明我国典型村镇生活垃圾中Pb和Cd主要来源于厨余、灰土、橡塑类和纸质等印刷品,Hg主要来源于厨余和灰土,Zn和Cr主要来源于灰土,Cu主要来源于电子、电池类废弃物和尘土、橡塑、纸质等印刷品,Ni主要来源于废弃的电子、电池类产品,As主要来源于杀虫剂等农药和肥料.     

Effects of cultivation strategies on the cultivation of Chlorella sp. HQ in photoreactors

Heterotrophic cultivation caused high level of ROS and high lipids accumulation. HMTC is the best culture strategy for improving the microalgal biomass. Chlorella sp. HQ had great nutrient removal capacity under five culture strategies. The effects of cultivation strategies (including autotrophic cultivation (AC), heterotrophic cultivation (HC), fed-batch cultivation (FC), heterotrophic+ autotrophic two-stage cultivation (HATC), and heterotrophic+ mixotrophic two-stage cultivation (HMTC)) on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ and its total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in secondary effluent were investigated in column photoreactors. The results showed that the TN and TP removal rates ranged between 93.72%–95.82% and 92.73%–100%, respectively, under the five different strategies. The microalgal growth potential evaluated by the maximal growth rate (R_max) was in the order of HMTC>HC>FC>AC>HATC. The values of biomass, total lipid yield, triacylglycerols (TAGs) yield, and total lipid content of the microalga cultivated in the last 5 d increased significantly, but the TAGs productivities of the five strategies were lower than those in the first 7 d. Compared with all the other cultivation strategies, the TAGs productivity and yield after 12 d of cultivation under the heterotrophic condition reached the highest values accompanying the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which the TAGs yield reached 40.81 mg/L at the end of the cultivation period. The peaks in TAGs yield and ROS level suggested that HC was beneficial for lipids accumulation via regulating the cellular redox status and exerting ROS stress on microalgal cells. In summary, HMTC was the best cultivation strategy for improving the microalgal biomass and HC was the best strategy for microalgal TAGs accumulation to produce biodiesel.     

一种复合绝缘子爬电距离测量工具的研制与应用

复合绝缘子在高压输电线路中主要起到支持、固定和绝缘作用,其爬电距离是复合绝缘子检测的必测项目。由于复合绝缘子爬电距离测量存在困难,在传统测量方法的基础上,开发研制了一种复合绝缘子爬电距离测量工具,采用激光直线仪和手持测量仪相配合,进行复合绝缘子爬电距离的测量,并在实际应用中与传统方法相对比。结果表明:该套测量工具不仅解决了试验人员测量复合绝缘子爬电距离时工作量大、测量精度低的问题,而且能够实时显示测量结果,具有双向测量、暂停、停电记忆等功能,提高了测量工作的灵活性和可靠性,同时缩短了复合绝缘子爬电距离测量时间,提高了工作效率。     

330kV输电线路绝缘架空地线专用接地装置的设计与实现

针对330 kV超高压输电线路绝缘架空地线无专用接地线,设计一种串接电阻的新型接地装置,以避免当绝缘架空地线存在过大感应电压时因瞬间直接接地产生的电弧伤害。通过对某330 kV同塔双回输电线路不同情况下绝缘架空地线上产生的感应电压进行仿真分析,为新型接地装置的电气参数选取提供依据,同时详细设计了其机械结构。对新型接地装置进行了现场应用,验证了其相较于传统接地线具有的便携性及安全性优势。     

Preparation of Porous Nanofibers from Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Nanofibers by Inexpensive Salt Using for Dye Adsorption

The high surface area of porous nanofibers enhances their performance for many applications. The present study investigated electrospinning and dye adsorption properties of polymeric nanofibers which were porous by various types of salts. The salt/polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride composite nanofibers were electrospun, and the inexpensive salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), or calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was used to manufacture the porous fibers. Subsequently, the salt was removed by a selective dissolution, and salt extraction of nanofibers was performed with the solution of hydrochloric acid (10 wt%). Salt/PVDF/PAN and porous PVDF/PAN composite nanofibers have been applied to dye adsorption of solution. The characteristics of nanofibers were studied by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. FTIR showed that the salt was extracted from PVDF/PAN nanofibers successfully, and SEM indicated that many pores were aligned with the nanofibers. The adsorption capacity of salt nanofibers webs and porous nanofibers webs for Basic Blue 41 were compared with each other, and porous fibers were obtained from NaHCO₃ having the highest dye adsorption value. Adsorption of dyes follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics.     

High photocatalytic removal of NO gas over SnO2 nanoparticles under solar light

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) with a diameter less than 10&nbsp;nm are usually used in waste water treatment via the photocatalytic reaction. However,...     

Recycling sewage sludge into ceramic materials: A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of unwanted sewage sludge are generated in the process of wastewater treatment, calling for methods to recycle sewage sludges into value-added...     

湖北省湖库洪水调蓄能力及其空间分异特征

湖泊是抵御湖区水系洪水灾害的天然屏障，而水库是现代防洪工程体系的重要组成部分，两者共同肩负着防洪减灾的重任。为探明湖北省湖库洪水调蓄能力，选取湖泊可调蓄水量、水库防洪库容作为评估指标，通过构建湖库洪水调蓄能力评估模型，分析全省湖库洪水调蓄能力及空间分异特征。结论如下：（1）湖北省湖泊、水库综合洪水调蓄量为416.02×108m3，其中湖泊可调蓄水量为79.69×108m3，水库防洪库容为336.33×108m3，分别占湖库洪水调蓄功能总量的19.16%和80.84%;（2）湖泊可调蓄水量较大的地区包括武汉、荆州、鄂州、黄石等地市以及鄂东丘陵、江汉平原，而单位面积湖泊调蓄洪水能力较强的地区为鄂州、黄石、咸宁、黄冈，其值分别为405.99×104、400.31×104、392.32×104和391.22×104m3/km2;（3）水库防洪库容较大的地区主要为鄂西山地的宜昌和十堰，分别为119.18×108m3和 103.03×108m3，占全省防洪库容总量的66.06%，而鄂州、天门和神农架水库防洪库容极小，不足全省水库总防洪库容的1%;（4）湖库综合调蓄能力空间分布特征与水库洪水调蓄能力空间分布相一致；从湖泊、水库洪水调蓄能力的构成来看，以湖泊防洪为主和以水库防洪为主的地市不相上下，水库在湖北省防洪体系中占绝对主体地位，同时湖泊也发挥着不可或缺的作用。针对湖泊萎缩、水库险病等突出问题，可以通过退田还湖、除险加固等工作提高湖库综合调洪能力。本研究可为湖北省湖库防洪建设提供科学指导。 关键词： 湖泊；水库；洪水调蓄功能；空间分异；湖北省