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721.
生物多样性与城市景观生态建设 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
论述了生物多样性在城市景观中的重要作用,生物多样的现代城市中的衰落以及城市生物多样性保护与景观生态建设的关系,提出应将生物多样性保护计划同城市景观生态建设结合起来。 相似文献
722.
在探讨电力需求侧管理理论,方法以及电力经济结构和电力与环境问题的基础上,分析评价电力需求侧管理对可持续发展的作用贡献,电力需求侧管理是促进系统可持续发展的战备途径之一。 相似文献
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725.
本文以某电厂的锅炉灰渣(飞灰和底灰)为研究对象,分析了24个飞灰和24个底灰样品中Hg,As,Se,Pb,Cd,Zn,Ba,Co,Cr,Cu,Li,Ni,V,Zr等微量元素的含量水平和分布规律,结果表明:飞灰中As、Pb、Zn、Ba、Cu、V、Zr和Li的含量大于10ppm,Hg和Cd含量在1ppm以下;与原煤相比,14种元素在飞灰中的含量更高。其中Hg、As、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Cd、Zn和V等元素的含量分别是原煤的2倍以上;除As和Se外,其余元素在底灰中的含量高于原煤。 相似文献
726.
以金霉素为降解对象,采用沉淀法制备α-FeOOH光催化剂,进一步将其用共价结合法负载在陶瓷膜上,用SEM、XRD、EDS、UV-Vis和FTIR对α-FeOOH和光催化陶瓷膜进行表征.结果表明催化剂α-FeOOH呈针状或纺锤长片状,长宽分别为500~550nm、25~50nm,经α-FeOOH改性的陶瓷膜孔隙率由14.83%变为8.11%.研究光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系对金霉素的降解效率和动力学行为,确定了光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系的最优降解条件为金霉素初始浓度50mg/L,H2O2投加浓度10mmol/L,UV强度为3796.6μW/cm2.进一步利用UV-Vis光谱分析了两种体系对金霉素的降解机理,光催化剂体系下,H2O2的浓度基本保持不变,而光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系下H2O2的浓度先升后降,同时后者在同一时间点对TOC和NH4+-N去除率更高,表明光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系氧化能力更强,对金霉素的降解更为彻底. 相似文献
727.
阴离子表面活性剂是环境中分布广泛且具有代表性的一类有机污染物。采用分置式膜生物反应器(MBR)进行去除模拟废水中阴离子表面活性剂(LSS)的实验.结果表明:MBR对阴离子表面活性剂的去除率高于90%。同时考察了阴离子表面活性剂生物降解的影响因素,确定其适宜降解蒂件为:气体流量为0.3m^3/h、活性污泥浓度为6948mg/L。初步探计了降解动力学和降解机理,研究表明对阴离子表面活性剂的去除符合拟一级反应动力学过程,且生物降解对其去除起主要作用。 相似文献
728.
Clay SA Liu Z Thaler R Kennouche H 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(6):841-850
The objectives of this study were to assess sorption and desorption of tylosin, a macrolide antimicrobial chemical used in swine, cattle, and poultry production, in three silty clay loam soils of South Dakota and compare soil sorption to sand and manure sorption. The silty clay loam soils, from a toposequence in eastern South Dakota, standardized sand samples, and swine manure were used in 24-h batch sorption studies with tylosin concentrations ranging from 25 to 232 micro mole/L. Desorption from soil was conducted over a four-day period. Partition coefficients, based on the Freundlich isotherm (K(f)) or K(d) values, were calculated. K(f) values for the silty clay loams were similar, not influenced by landscape position, and averaged 1,350 with isotherm slopes ranging from 0.85 to 0.93. K(f) values for sand were dependent on solution/sand ratios and pH, ranging from 1.4 to 25.1. K(d) values of manure were dependent on the solution type and ranged from 840 L/kg with urine to about 175 L/kg when sorbed from water. Desorption of tylosin from each soil over the four-day period was < 0.2% of the amount added. The soils' high K(f) values and low desorption amounts suggest that once tylosin is in these soils, leaching to lower depths may not occur. However, this does not preclude runoff with soil eroded particles. If tylosin reaches a sand aquifer, through bypass flow or other mechanism(s), movement in the aquifer most likely would occur. 相似文献
729.
The potential of Corbicula fluminea (Müller) as an indicator for trace metal pollution was investigated. Laboratory experiments show that Corbicula has the capability to accumulate and eliminate trace metals in relation to their concentrations in ambient water. However, an effect of individual size was observed. Seasonal variations in the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in Corbicula, water and particulate matter from the upper section of the Shatt al-Arab River were studied. Sediment samples were also analysed. Metal concentrations were determined by means of flameless AAS. It was found that Corbicula is a suitable bio-indicator for monitoring of trace metal pollution. Metal concentrations in Corbicula tissues correlated better with their corresponding concentrations in particulate matter than with the dissolved form. Temporal variations in metal concentrations were attributed to several factors, including fluctuations in metal inputs, and in geochemical and hydrological characteristics of the water. The obtained levels of trace metals were comparable to those reported for control sites, with the exception of Cd, Cu and Zn whose concentrations were higher in both Corbicula and particulate matter. 相似文献
730.
Microbial degradation is the most dominant elimination mechanism of organics from the environment. For evaluation of biodegradability of pure chemicals many standardized tests are available, but no standardized procedure for assessment of biodegradability of chemicals in surface water is agreed upon. Rates of in-situ biodegradation are usually estimated in laboratory simulation where environmental factors are reproduced to some extent. The aim of our study was to compare standardised ready biodegradability assessment, test (Closed bottle test) and its modifications employing the basic agreements on test conditions to simulate biodegradation in surface water. Standard test was modified using various natural river waters to simulate the natural environment in a simplified way. The impact of different types and amounts of nutrients and microorganisms on biodegradation was confirmed. The conditions in the recipient should be examined to extrapolate the results from ready biodegradability tests to real surface water. 相似文献