Vertical aerosol data assimilation technology and application based on satellite and ground lidar: A review and outlook

Observations and numerical models are mainly used to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and vertical structure characteristics of aerosols to understand aerosol pollution and its effects. However, the limitations of observations and the uncertainties of numerical models bias aerosol calculations and predictions. Data assimilation combines observations and numerical models to improve the accuracy of the initial, analytical fields of models and promote the development of atmospheric aerosol pollution research. Numerous studies have been conducted to integrate multi-source data, such as aerosol optical depth and aerosol extinction coefficient profile, into various chemical transport models using various data assimilation algorithms and have achieved good assimilation results. The definition of data assimilation and the main algorithms will be briefly presented, and the progress of aerosol assimilation according to two types of aerosol data, namely, aerosol optical depth and extinction coefficient, will be presented. The application of vertical aerosol data assimilation, as well as the future trends and challenges of aerosol data assimilation, will be further analysed.     

Tuning the primary selective nanochannels of MOF thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes for efficient removal of hydrophobic endocrine disrupting compounds

• PA layer properties tune the primary nanochannels in MIL-101(Cr) TFN NF membranes. • The dense PA layer induced transition of primary nanochannels of TFN NF membranes. • Nanochannels around MOF contributed to the improved flux with a loose PA structure. • Nanochannels in MOFs dominated the separation performance with a dense PA structure. Metal organic framework (MOF) incorporated thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes have the potential to enhance the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). In MOF-TFN membranes, water transport nanochannels include (i) pores of polyamide layer, (ii) pores in MOFs and (iii) channels around MOFs (polyamide-MOF interface). However, information on how to tune the nanochannels to enhance EDCs rejection is scarce, impeding the refinement of TFN membranes toward efficient removal of EDCs. In this study, by changing the polyamide properties, the water transport nanochannels could be confined primarily in pores of MOFs when the polyamide layer became dense. Interestingly, the improved rejection of EDCs was dependent on the water transport channels of the TFN membrane. At low monomer concentration (i.e., loose polyamide structure), the hydrophilic nanochannels of MIL-101(Cr) in the polyamide layer could not dominate the membrane separation performance, and hence the extent of improvement in EDCs rejection was relatively low. In contrast, at high monomer concentration (i.e., dense polyamide structure), the hydrophilic nanochannels of MIL-101(Cr) were responsible for the selective removal of hydrophobic EDCs, demonstrating that the manipulation of water transport nanochannels in the TFN membrane could successfully overcome the permeability and EDCs rejection trade-off. Our results highlight the potential of tuning primary selective nanochannels of MOF-TFN membranes for the efficient removal of EDCs.     

超临界水氧化法处理高浓度有机发酵废水

对酒精废水和乙酰螺旋素废水进行了超临界氧化降解的研究,结果表明,超临界水氧化法是处理高浓度有面废水的一种有效方法,在实验的条件范围内,废水ＣＯＤ的去除率最高可达９９．２％。     

2005—2019年辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量耦合协调时空分异及影响因子研究

城镇化发展的核心目的是引领城市与生态环境和谐共生,可持续发展。辽宁省作为东北老工业基地之一,研究其城镇化与生态环境质量的协调关系,对于辽宁省城市可持续发展具有重要意义。综合运用耦合度、耦合协调度和地理探测器等方法对辽宁省2005—2019年城镇化与生态环境质量指数、耦合协调度及影响因子进行实证分析。结果表明,2005—2019年辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量指数为2.44～4.79,总体上升趋势明显,城镇化指数空间上呈沈阳市、大连市为高值核心区域,四周聚集发展的态势,生态环境质量指数呈沈阳市为核心区,周围聚集发展趋势;省级尺度耦合协调度保持稳定上升,局部地区以濒临失调和勉强失调为主,空间分布上呈沈阳市、大连市为高值区域,东西部低的格局;生态环境治理、经济城镇化和社会城镇化子系统所涉及的影响因子对不同时期城镇化与生态环境质量耦合协调度因子探测力值贡献较大,主要影响因子有建成区面积、参加基本养老保险人数、生活垃圾清运量和城市污水日处理能力等。辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量整体向好发展,耦合协调度有待提高,政府应继续注重生态环境的治理工作,加大环境保护力度,提高人民生活质量。

     

NaCl电解氧化吸收液脱除烟气中的NOx

研究了NaCl质量浓度、电解时间对电解生成有效氯组分的影响,并以NaCl电解液作为氧化吸收液在自制的小型鼓泡喷淋吸收塔中进行模拟烟气脱硝实验,进一步研究了有效氯质量浓度、反应体系pH和温度对脱硝效果的影响,同时分析了脱硝机理。结果表明：有效氯质量浓度随着NaCl质量浓度和电解时间的增加逐渐增加,电解反应的主产物是ClO⁻。NO_x去除率随着有效氯质量浓度增加而升高;氧化体系酸度和温度增高有利于NO氧化,但不利于NO_x吸收去除。当烟气流量为2 L·min⁻¹,NO初始质量浓度为1 340 mg·m⁻³,吸收液有效氯初始质量浓度为2.5 g·L⁻¹,反应体系pH为5,温度为30 ℃时,NO的转化率可达91.1%,NO_x去除率可达78.9%,且能在该条件下长时间保持较高的烟气脱硝效果。本研究结果可为低温湿法氧化脱硝技术的工业化应用提供参考。     

废铁屑处理难生物降解染料废水

研究了用废铁屑处理难生物降解的染料废水，考察了进pH值、曝气时间、固液比、铁屑粒度对废水处理效果的影响，并确定了适宜实验条件。实验证明，该法可以有效去除染料废水的色度和CODcr，在实验考察范围内，脱色率和CODcr去除率分别可达90％、61.7%。同时废水可生化性也得到了改善，BOD5／CODcr从19.6%上升到29.5%，提高了50％,有利于后续生化处理。该法以废治废，是一种很有实用价值的废水处理方法。     

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by catalysts derived from water treatment plant sludge for the simultaneous removal of Disperse Blue 56 and phosphates

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, calcined water treatment plant sludge (C-WTPS) was used as a catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to simultaneously remove...     

煤燃烧过程中影响NO_x转化的因素探讨

利用管式沉降炉对煤粉燃烧过程中的反应温度、初始氧浓度、反应时间、煤的挥发分及含氧量对燃料氮向NOx 转化的影响进行了试验研究 ,摸清了反应的规律 ,找出了影响转化的显著因素。     

废旧塑料的再生利用技术与展望

废旧塑料是一种可以回收利用的资源。介绍并评述了废旧塑料的几种典型处理技术和再生利用方法 ,以及可降解塑料研究开发的情况。这些方法和技术对于治理白色污染具有重要作用     

珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物粒度分布特征

沉积物的粒度是控制沉积物中污染物分布的主要因素之一。在珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物粒度组分监测结果的基础上,运用矩法计算公式对各粒度分布参数(平均值、标准差、偏度和尖度)进行了计算,并对沉积物粒度分布特征进行了全面的分析。结果表明:全河段沉积物中砂的平均含量最高,粉砂其次,粘土的含量普遍较低。平均粒径的平均值为0.50 mm,属于砂的粒级范围。在22个断面中,有5个断面的分选系数超过0.5,属于分选中等级别;其余17个断面的分选系数均小于0.5,属于分选好的级别。在22个断面中,出现正偏度和负偏度的断面各占一半。各断面的尖度值在1.00～13.70之间,除1个断面为正态曲线外,其余均为窄峰型。