太湖流域水污染对太湖水质的影响分析

从太湖地区(苏州、无锡、常州、杭州、嘉兴和湖州)的污染物排放量、水质监测结果，以及工农业发展、人口变化、人民生活水平的提高、东太湖萎缩，底泥中营养物的变化和湖泊生态系统失衡的特点入手，分析了太湖流域水污染现状。结果表明，工业废水排放量高于城镇生活废水排放量；太湖湖体、环湖河流水质与省、市边界断面主要超标项目分别为：总磷、总氮和氨氮；水体水质演变是由工农业迅速发展、人口过度增加、污染防治措施相对滞后，以及太湖水生态系统失衡等原因造成的。     

O3/UV降解喹啉过程中不同氧化剂的相对重要性

研究O3 /UV降解自配喹啉水溶液时水体中存在的不同氧化剂对喹啉降解的相对重要性的结果表明 ,O3 和·OH是喹啉降解过程的主要氧化剂 .通过靛蓝二磺酸钠法和·OH探针化合物 (对氯苯甲酸 )法分别测定了水体中的O3 浓度和·OH浓度 ,定量地计算了O3 和·OH在降解喹啉时的相对重要性 ,得到喹啉与·OH的二级反应速率常数为 6 65× 1 0 9mol·(L·s) - 1.在本试验条件下 ,由·OH引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的 88% ,而由O3 引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的 1 2 % .提高水体中·OH的浓度有利于提高喹啉的总降解速率 .     

分散式小区污水回用分析研究

污水回用处理可分为分散式和集中式,本文着重就分散式小区污水回用处理模式进行探讨,比较分析国内外典型国家或城市的技术和应用现状,在此基础上,指出我国分散式小区污水回用模式当前实施存在的问题及今后的发展趋势.     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

The effect of octopamine on behavioral responses of free-foraging bumblebees to a change in food source profitability

The invertebrate neuromodulator octopamine is known to be involved in bees' associative learning, enhancing the responsiveness of a bee to a conditioned stimulus. In this study, we tested the effect of octopamine on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees using a two-phase experiment in an array of artificial flowers. During the first phase of the experiment, the bee was allowed to collect octopamine-laden sugar water from two types of equally rewarding flowers (yellow versus blue). In the second phase, one type of flower was set to be unrewarding. The behavior of the bee (proportion of visits to the unrewarding flowers) over the two phases was fitted to a sigmoid regression model. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee.     

Sustainable method towards magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers for efficient Methylene Blue removal

The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of pH impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers (M-OMPs) without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst. The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously, and exhibited high removal efficiency (>99%) for Methylene Blue (MB) within a short time (10 min) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. What's more, high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of pH 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.     

高锰酸钾改性桉木生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性

以桉木为原料,使用高锰酸钾对桉木生物炭（BC）进行改性,制备改性生物炭（KBC）.对其进行表征,并进行了水溶液中Pb （Ⅱ）的静态吸附实验,探究了溶液pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、温度和初始浓度对Pb （Ⅱ）的吸附效果影响.结果表明,最佳吸附反应pH为5,吸附在6 h达到饱和,当温度为25℃,Pb （Ⅱ）的初始浓度为100mg ·L^-1,吸附剂投加量为0.06 g时,KBC对Pb （Ⅱ）的最大吸附量为83.059mg ·g^-1,去除率为99.67%.KBC对Pb （Ⅱ）的吸附遵循二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,其是发生在均匀表面的单层吸附.采用BET、SEM-EDS、XRD、FT-IR和XPS对吸附剂进行表征分析,发现吸附机制主要是KBC含氧和KBC含锰基团通过络合作用和沉淀作用来吸附Pb （Ⅱ）,以及在吸附过程中生物炭表面会形成—O—Pb—O—双齿配合物.因此,高锰酸钾改性BC可以作为一种很好的Pb （Ⅱ）吸附剂.     

CO2封存泄漏的稻田土壤细菌监测指标筛选研究

为研究CO₂地质封存过程中CO₂泄漏对水稻及稻田土壤的风险影响,利用CO₂模拟泄漏平台,研究了不同CO₂泄漏速率下水稻生长、稻田土壤性质与土壤细菌组成及多样性的变化特征.结果表明：随着CO₂泄漏速率的增加,稻田土壤pH显著降低,电导率显著增加,水稻生长受到明显抑制;稻田土壤细菌的丰富度指数和多样性指数均有增加,均匀度指数有所降低.CO₂泄漏显著改变了稻田土壤细菌组成,稻田土壤的优势菌门中变形菌门、拟杆菌门与绿弯菌门的相对丰度总体降低,而酸杆菌门与放线菌门的相对丰度总体升高;稻田土壤优势菌属中RB41、MND1、厌氧粘菌属及鞘脂单胞菌属的丰度总体升高,而硝化螺旋菌属的丰度总体降低;稀有细菌中CO₂泄漏下全部出现的有粘胶球形菌门、柔膜菌门及双头菌属、硫杆菌属,CO₂泄漏后全部消亡的为假单胞菌属.建议将变形菌门的减少和酸杆菌门的增加,以及RB41、MND1及厌氧粘菌属的增加作为稻田土壤CO₂泄漏监测的推荐指标.     

安全技术说明书在油田化学助剂危害因素识别中存在问题探讨

以3种化学助剂的化学品安全技术说明书(SDS)信息与气相色谱-质谱联用仪定性分析结果为对比,探讨了油田化学助剂安全技术说明书在完整性、真实性、准确性等方面存在的问题,建议完善SDS审核与监督机制,在识别有害因素时根据SDS、定性定量检测结果、生产工艺及原辅材料分析等内容做出综合判断,使用化学助剂时核实SDS准确性及化学助剂安全性,以采取正确的防控措施。     

哈尔滨市大气主要污染物浓度变化与城市发展因素影响分析研究

采用Daniel趋势检验法对哈尔滨市近年来SO2、NO2和PM10年均浓度变化趋势分析,并对城市总人口与经济、产业结构、民用汽车保有量和能源状况五个城市发展因素进行数据统计分析,用SPSS探究城市发展过程中影响大气污染的因素及相关性.结果表明:浓度变化趋势是SO2明显上升;NO2缓慢上升;PM10整体明显下降,但在2013年点突增至了0.119 mg/m3.SO2与NO2显著相关,相关系数为0.533.经统计,哈尔滨人口经济发展、产业结构调整较为缓慢,全市民用汽车保有量增加并未对NO2浓度影响显著,能源结构依然以煤为主,虽然能源强度提升,但也存在着煤质、散煤的问题.哈尔滨市各城市发展因素与污染物浓度关联度不显著.