试论国家自然保护地图集的编制——以中国自然保护地图集为例

本文从自然保护角度论述了编制自然保护地图集的意义和用途,指出了自然保护地图集是专门表示保护可更新自然资源的综合性地图集,并以中国自然保护地图集为例,探讨了用地图这一研究手段和工具来推动国家自然保护事业的发展。     

粘胶化纤厂废气治理试验

采用ＴＦ－ＴＡ工艺治理粘胶化纤厂废气。先以ＴＦ脱硫液选择脱除ＨＺＳ,再以ＴＡ液体脱除ＣＳ２。Ｈ２Ｓ脱除和再生能一步完成,脱除率９８％以上,其表达ηＨ２ｓ＝９９．５＋４．７１×１０－４ｘ－３．６８×１０－７ｘ２。ＣＳ２脱除率在气液比２００—３００时达８０％─９０％,其表达式：ηＣＳ２＝９８．９－１．３２×１０－３ｘ—２．００×１０－４ｘ２。文中还讨论了粘胶化纤厂废气总体治理意见。     

生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气

在常温条件下,采用生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气,考察了气体空床停留时间(EBRT)、容积负荷、喷淋密度及营养液pH对生物滴滤塔性能的影响。实验结果表明:当EBRT为90 s、进气甲硫醚质量浓度为150 mg/m~3、喷淋密度为0.65 m~3/(m~2·h),营养液pH为6.8时,甲硫醚去除率为90%;容积负荷高于15 g/(m~3·h)时,对生物滴滤塔的性能产生抑制作用;EBRT为90 s及60 s时,最佳喷淋密度分别为0.56~0.65 m~3/(m~2·h)及0.65~0.75 m~3/(m~2·h);降解甲硫醚的微生物对pH的变化较敏感,最适营养液pH为6~7。     

超疏水沸石咪唑酯骨架材料ZIF-90的制备及其气体吸附性能

以自制沸石咪唑酯骨架材料ZIF-90为原料,自制2,3,4,5,6-五氟苄胺为修饰剂,通过后修饰法制备了超疏水ZIF-90,采用SEM、XRD、FTIR等技术对其进行了表征,并进行了气体吸附性能测试。表征结果显示:制备的超疏水ZIF-90晶体结构和形貌良好;水接触角高达152.1°;修饰剂分子与ZIF-90晶体上的自由醛基成功发生缩胺反应。气体吸附实验结果表明:当相对压力小于0.02时,超疏水ZIF-90的CO_2吸附量较ZIF-90明显增大,CO_2/N_2和CO_2/CH_4的理想吸附选择系数由修饰前的15.76和4.88分别提升至33.28和17.13;超疏水ZIF-90具有优异的憎水性能。     

IMS Method Performance Analyses for Giardia in Water Under Differing Conditions

Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) has been specified as a standard method for the measurement of Giardia under USEPA Method 1623. In this study, IMS was evaluated on the basis of recovery efficiencies for Giardia cysts under various IMS operation conditions. Significant change in recovery was observed by altering the debris ratio of water samples. Notably, cyst recovery efficiencies utilizing IMS dropped with increased turbidity, and results for varying dosages of magnetic beads and cysts indicate that 1 / 100 immunomagnetic beads is sufficient to conjugate large numbers of cysts. Changing vessel volume and replacing the sample buffer had no significant effect on cyst recovery efficiencies.     

Analysis of patterns and ecological security trend of modern oasis landscapes in Xinjiang, China

Ecological security has become so important that it will affect the national security and social sustainable development. In this paper, a case study on the ecological security indexes of modern oasis landscapes in Beitun Oasis, Xinjiang, was carried out. The spatial neighbouring parameters, such as the contiguous length, measure of area and patch quantity of oasis landscape patches, affected by desert landscape patches were calculated by using GIS-based buffer analysis, the method of calculating ecological security indexes of oasis landscape was developed, and the dynamic changes of patterns and ecological security indexes of the oasis landscapes since recent 30 years were analyzed. The results showed that soil salinization or alkalization and paludification were major factors affecting the ecological security in Beitun Oasis. Therefore, measures should be taken actively to prevent and control secondary salinization and paludification. The ecological security indexes of the oasis landscape in 1972, 1990 and 2005 were 78.91, 82.28 and 83.86, respectively, which showed the degree of security is improving, and the environment was developing harmoniously between human and nature. The methods of evaluating ecological security based on the spatial neighbouring relations between landscape patches can be used to reflect preliminarily the ecological security patterns of landscapes.     

Modeling the spatial pattern of farmland using GIS and multiple logistic regression: a case study of Maotiao River Basin, Guizhou Province, China

Land use change is an important topic in the field of global environmental change and sustainable development. Land use change modeling has attracted substantial attention because it helps researchers understand the mechanisms of land use change and assists regulatory bodies in formulating relevant policies. Maotiao River Basin is located in the province of Guizhou, China, which has a developed agricultural industry in the karst mountain areas. This paper selected biophysical and social–economic factors as independent variables, and constructed a multiple logistic regression of farmland spatial distribution probability by random sampling. Then, by using GIS technology and integrating the 2000 data, this study predicted the farmland spatial pattern. When the predicted map was compared with the actual farmland map for 2000, we noted that 71% of the simulation is in accordance with the 2000 farmland pattern. The result satisfactorily proves the reasonability and applicability of our model.     

盐酸萘乙二胺比色法测定大气中硝基苯、苯胺浓度的改进

本文探讨了盐酸萘乙二胺比色方法测定大气中硝基苯、苯胺浓度的最佳反应条件,如酸度、试剂加入量、反应温度、反应时间等。简化了过滤、洗涤操作,精密度高、显色稳定。     

结晶紫褪色分光光度法测定SO_2的研究

在碱性介质中,ＳＯ２能使结晶紫褪色且褪色的程度随ＳＯ２量的增加而呈线性关系,据此建立了分光光度法测定ＳＯ２的新方法,确定了显色测定的最佳条件。方法的最大吸收波长在６００ｎｍ处,表观摩尔吸光系数为７３×１０３Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ。ＳＯ２量在０～１００μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律     

水样中有机磷的微波消解

采用微波消解系统对水样中有机磷进行消解,考察了消解时间、功率等不同实验条件对样品微波消解的影响;并将该法与总磷测定的常规消解方法进行了比较,结果表明,微波消解法简便、快速、准确、可靠