Inexact fuzzy-stochastic constraint-softened programming – A case study for waste management

In this study, an inexact fuzzy-stochastic constraint-softened programming method is developed for municipal solid waste (MSW) management under uncertainty. The developed method can deal with multiple uncertainties presented in terms of fuzzy sets, interval values and random variables. Moreover, a number of violation levels for the system constraints are allowed. This is realized through introduction of violation variables to soften system constraints, such that the model’s decision space can be expanded under demanding conditions. This can help generate a range of decision alternatives under various conditions, allowing in-depth analyses of tradeoffs among economic objective, satisfaction degree, and constraint-violation risk. The developed method is applied to a case study of planning a MSW management system. The uncertain and dynamic information can be incorporated within a multi-layer scenario tree; revised decisions are permitted in each time period based on the realized values of uncertain events. Solutions associated with different satisfaction degree levels have been generated, corresponding to different constraint-violation risks. They are useful for supporting decisions of waste flow allocation and system-capacity expansion within a multistage context.     

氧化塘水质预测研究进展

本文讨论了氧化塘的净化污水机理和水质变化特点。提出了用于进行氧化塘水质预测的二维水质模型。探讨了氧化塘水质预测研究的发展趋势。     

对钻井废物污染的全过程控制

在钻井作业过程中控制废物的排放量和毒性，变末端处理为全过程控制，采取各种措施预防钻井废物的污染是近年来国外油气田环保工作的一项重要内容。本文就采用小井眼钻井工艺；减少井眼冲蚀；强化环境管理；提高钻井液固控系统的处理效率；开发各种合成基钻井液；采用低毒无害的钻井液化学添加剂等６个方面讨论了减少钻井废物产生量的途径和降低钻井液及添加剂对环境的影响     

地震作用下浮放物体的运动研究

本文从浮放物体的基本运动方程出发,导出了浮放物体受震振动的运动参数表达式,它是用仿真技术研究浮放物体地震运动的基本公式.     

回收PTA废料生产增塑剂

介绍了扬子石化公司ＰＴＡ生产过程中所排各种废料的分离提纯及回收利用，对难以回收的氧化残渣的分离回收和利用作了重点论述。提供了用所回收的ＴＡ和混合苯二甲本乡生产剂的工艺流程和工艺参数。     

XK—1．5型除尘清洗两用机的研究、试验与应用

采用高压水和喷嘴的引射原理，使水射流通过喷嘴后高效雾化，达到降尘的目的，并主要沉降５μｍ以下对人体具有致命危害的呼吸性粉尘。当更换喷嘴后也可进行积上和物体的表面清洗。     

CN算法应用于我国23次强震的预测研究

本文用CN算法研究了我国近期大陆东部和西部南北带及邻近区域共23次强震前的TIP,即强震发生概率增长时间。结果表明,18次强震发生在被判定的强震发生概率增长时间的TIP内。TIP警戒约占总研究时空域的30％,获得了较好的中期地震预测效果。表明CN算法可作为强震中期预测的手段之一。     

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of tetrachloroethylene with permanganate

The kinetics, reaction pathways and product distribution of oxidation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were studied in phosphate-buffered solutions under constant pH, isothermal, completely mixed and zero headspace conditions. Experimental results indicate that the reaction is first-order with respect to both PCE and KMnO4 and has an activation energy of 9.3+/-0.9 kcal/mol. The second-order rate constant at 20 degrees C is 0.035+/-0.004 M(-1) s(-1), and is independent of pH and ionic strength (I) over a range of pH 3-10 and I approximately 0-0.2 M, respectively. The PCE-KMnO4 reaction may proceed through further oxidation and/or hydrolysis reaction pathways, greatly influenced by the acidity of the solution, to yield CO2(g), oxalic acid, formic acid and glycolic acid. Under acidic conditions (e.g., pH 3), the further oxidation pathway will dominate and PCE tends to be directly mineralized into CO2 and chloride. Under neutral (e.g., pH 7) and alkaline conditions (e.g., pH 10), the hydroxylation pathway dominates the reaction and PCE is primarily transformed into oxalic acid prior to complete PCE mineralization. Moreover, all chlorine atoms in PCE are rapidly liberated during the reaction and the rate of chloride production is very close to the rate of PCE degradation.     

小氮肥厂的三废及其治理

论述了小氮肥厂生产中废水、废气和废渣和产生及其废水，废气的治理方法与效果。介绍了利用废渣制砖和水泥的技术。     

采用两级物化法去除黄磷废水中的氟化物

采用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝，然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺的二级处理工艺除氟，通过控制合适的pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量，可使黄磷废水中氟的质量浓度降至5mg/L，氟的去除率达到99％以上，出水中氟的质量浓度达到GB8978－1996一级排放标准。