水力空化中雷诺数与空化数关系的研究

采用不同厚度、孔数和孔径的多洞孔板作为水力空化发生装置,通过对罗丹明B溶液的空化试验,得出了空化数与雷诺数的关系。试验结果与量纲分析相吻合。     

NP型复合纳滤膜对豆腐废水处理的应用

本文对ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜的分离性能进行了初步实验并在此基础上采用纳滤膜平板过滤装置对豆腐加工过程中产生的废水进行处理,以降低废水中的ＣＯＤ含量,实验结果表明,ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜对０．２％ＭｇＳＯ４溶液的截留率（Ｒ）高于９０％,相应秀量约为２０Ｌｍ＾－２．ｈ＾－１（０．４ＭＰａ）,豆腐废水ＣＯＤ的去除率大于９０％     

Fe~Ⅱ（EDTA）协同生物转鼓过滤器去除NO的实验研究

采用自行研制的生物转鼓反应器（RDB）处理难溶于水的NO废气,为提高NO的传质系数和去除效率,实验考察了营养液中添加FeⅡ（EDTA）络合剂协同RDB以提高NO去除效率的过程。结果表明,当空床停留时间（EBRT）为0.96 min时,在营养液中添加FeⅡ（EDTA）至100 mg/L后,NO的去除效率从70.78%升至79.26%。未添加FeⅡ（EDTA）时NO去除率随营养液的增加下降,添加FeⅡ（EDTA）至100 mg/L后,去除率随营养液量的增加先上升后下降,且下降速率比上升速率大。随着营养液中FeⅡ（EDTA）浓度从0增加至500 mg/L,实验最佳温度从32.5℃升至47.5℃,但添加FeⅡ（ED-TA）至100 mg/L对实验的最适pH值没有太大影响。     

超声波协同催化氧化法脱除废旧轮胎热裂解油中的硫

采用超声波氧化与催化氧化脱硫技术相结合,脱除废旧轮胎热裂解油中的硫,对脱硫工艺进行了研究.最佳操作条件为:超声波声强0.25 W/cm~2,超声时间10 min,V(H_2O_2)∶V(油)=0.04,V(CH_3COOH)∶V(H_2O_2)＝0.5,V(FeSO_4·7H_2O) ∶ V(H_2O_2)＝0.15.在上述最佳操作条件下,进行4次脱硫,可使热裂解油中硫质量分数降至0.21%,脱硫率达到72%.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Adaptation strategies of farmers to drought in a changing climate in Dingcheng County,Hunan, southern China

Regional Environmental Change -     

Ecological and Economic System Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis： A Case Study of Northwest Region, China

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and destruction,especially humans’ unreasonable activities,the ecological and economic system(EES) issues of Northwest region in China have attracted more and more attention of the researchers.Aiming at evaluating its ecological and economic system health,a multi-objective evaluation framework called PressureState-Response(PSR) was established to describe the ecological and economic health situations.Meanwhile,an integrative set pair model combining set pair analysis(SPA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP) was proposed to assess the ecological and economic system.Then the EES status of five northwest provinces(Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang) of Northwest region in China was evaluated during 1985 to 2009.The EES development trends of five provinces are obtained.In general,the health values of five provinces showed a rising trend.The health values of five provinces grew rapidly during 1985 to 2000.After 2000,the health values of five provinces still followed the present growth trend,but the growth is relatively smooth.The results show that the method proposed is effective for assessing the health of ecological and economic system.     

China’s Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy:2006-2010

China achieved major progress in low-carbon development during the period of the 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010). The increasing trend of energy intensity and carbon intensity of the economy as seen prior to 2005 was reversed to a sharp decreasing trend, leading to a 19% decrease in energy intensity and 21% decrease in carbon intensity in five years. The enhanced energy efficiency, mostly due to efficiency improvement in power and manufacturing sector, is the major driver of the decrease in carbon intensity of the economy. The development of renewable energy, despite its impressive growth rate, played a minor role because of its small share in the energy mix of the country. Energy con-sumption and energy-related carbon emissions per unit of area in building continued to grow at a lesser rate, which, combined with the fast growth of total building volume, led to fast growth in total energy consumption and carbon emissions in the sector. Similar trend is observed in the transportation sector whose total energy use and carbon emissions continued to grow fast despite slight improvement in energy efficiency. Agricultural energy use experienced a slight change and forestry made a major contribution to carbon sinks. Policy and institutional innovations helped build a solid system of rules for low-carbon development. Improving cost effectiveness of the system remains a major challenge for the next five year plan period.     

土壤中Pb、Cd的稳定化修复技术研究进展

在众多重金属修复技术当中,稳定化技术具有花费少、环境损失小等诸多优势。综述了国内外土壤中Pb、Cd稳定化修复的研究进展;分析了稳定剂的作用机制、土壤中Pb、Cd的赋存形态;探讨了土壤中Pb、Cd稳定化修复的主要影响因素。最后,还提出了稳定化修复技术在土壤中Pb、Cd污染治理应用中尚存在的问题。     

Photoinductive activity of humic acid fractions with the presence of Fe(III): the role of aromaticity and oxygen groups involved in fractions

Relationship between the photoinductive activity and the properties of humic acids (HA) fractions were investigated with and without Fe(III). Three fractions were separated based on the molecular weight (M(w)) and were obtained following the order of M(w): F(A)>F(B)>F(C). Compared to F(A) and F(B), photodegradation of atrazine under simulated sunlight was much faster in solution containing F(C), whose structure was dominated by greater aromaticity, more oxygen groups and fluorophores. The interaction of HA fractions and Fe(III) was studied using fluorescence spectrometry and F(C) had the largest quenching constant. The capacity of electron transfer, estimated from the amount of photoformed Fe(II), was also highest for F(C). Thus, the Fe(III)-F(C) complex was efficient in phototransformation of atrazine in nearly neutral aqueous solutions. These results suggest that the aromaticity and oxygen groups content of HA exert great influence on the binding ability of metals and on the fate of pollutants in natural waters.