Modeling Carbon and Water Budgets in the Lushi Basin with Biome-BGC

1 INTRODUCTIONEvapotranspiration (ET) is the key process controlling theexchange of energy and hydrologic flux for vegetatedsurface. Terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP)represents the carbon available for plant allocation toleaves, stems, roots, defensive compounds, reproductionand is the basic measure of biological productivity. Treegrowth, forage available for grazing, food productivity,and atmospheric CO2 levels are all strongly controlled byNPP (White et al., 2000). The exch…     

我国电子废物资源化利用的产业化障碍及其政策分析

我国非常重视电子废物资源化利用,但在产业化过程中仍面临一些障碍,主要表现在回收系统不完善、环保处置技术成本较高、资源化产品附加值不高等。此外,电子废物资源化仍是一个高度依赖政府补贴的产业,在政策上面临环境监管成本较高、补贴资金延后使企业的资金成本较高等问题。未来需逐步建立电子废物资源化利用的低成本回收体系、技术支撑体系和资金保障机制,以市场机制推动电子废物资源化利用的产业化发展。     

大气污染物扩散影响因素及影响程度探究

影响大气污染物扩散的因素很多,一般包括大气稳定度、垂直和水平温度梯度、低空风场引起的平流动力输送、地面粗糙度、湍流运动、雨雾等。这些因素都不同程度地影响大气污染物的扩散,以一定的传输和扩散规律决定大气污染水平的高低,并由此使各局部区域污染程度各不相同。     

基于BP神经网络的城市生活垃圾产生量预测研究——以上海市为例

文章总结分析了影响城市生活垃圾产生量的因素,并根据相关性分析结果确定了主要影响因素,然后建立了上海市生活垃圾产生量的BP神经网络预测模型,并将预测值与实际值进行比较,表明该模型具有较好的适用性和准确性,最后对上海市未来几年的生活垃圾产量进行了预测.     

6种重金属对3种海水养殖生物的急性毒性效应

以主要海水养殖动物菲律宾蛤仔、刺参、褐牙鲆为研究对象,采用静水毒性法评价了重金属对海洋生物的毒性效应,分别将受试动物暴露于不同浓度梯度的重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg及As单种试液中,概率单位法求得半致死质量浓度。结果表明,同一种重金属对3种不同养殖生物的毒性存在明显差异(P0.05),Hg对菲律宾蛤仔、刺参及褐牙鲆3种养殖生物的96 hLC50分别为0.134 mg·L~(-1)、0.0246 mg·L~(-1)及0.238 mg·L~(-1);Cu为0.323 mg·L~(-1)、0.0499 mg·L~(-1)及0.975 mg·L~(-1);As为2.464 mg·L~(-1)、0.301 mg·L~(-1)及8.345 mg·L~(-1);Cd为2.843 mg·L~(-1)、1.111 mg·L~(-1)及6.787 mg·L~(-1);Zn为30.246 mg·L~(-1)、0.449 mg·L~(-1)及17.114 mg·L~(-1);Cr为32.591 mg·L~(-1)、2.205 mg·L~(-1)及95.137 mg·L~(-1)。6种重金属对菲律宾蛤仔毒性强弱:HgCuAsCdZnCr;对刺参毒性:HgCuAsZnCdCr;对褐牙鲆毒性:HgCuCdAsZnCr。综合结果表明:Hg、Cu毒性最强,Cd、As及Zn次之,Cr毒性最弱。研究结果可为海水增养殖区重金属风险评价提供理论依据。     

Functional traits of poplar leaves and fine roots responses to ozone pollution under soil nitrogen addition

Concurrent ground-level ozone（O₃） pollution and anthropogenic nitrogen（N） deposition can markedly influence dynamics and productivity in forests.Most studies evaluating the functional traits responses of rapid-turnover organs to O₃ have specifically examined leaves,despite fine roots are another major source of soil carbon and nutrient input in forest ecosystems.How elevated O₃ levels impact fine root biomass and biochemistry remains to be resolved.This study was...     

Modeling Carbon and Water Budgets in the Lushi Basin with Biome-BGC

Abstract

In this article, annual evapotranspiration (ET) and net primary productivity (NPP) of four types of vegetation were estimated for the Lushi basin, a subbasin of the Yellow River in China. These four vegetation types include: deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen needle leaf forest, dwarf shrub and grass. Biome-BGC—a biogeochemical process model was used to calculate annual ET and NPP for each vegetation type in the study area from 1954 to 2000. Daily microclimate data of 47 years monitored by Lushi meteorological station was extrapolated to cover the basin using MT-CLIM, a mountain microclimate simulator. The output files of MT-CLIM were used to feed Biome-BGC. We used average ecophysiological values of each type of vegetation supplied by Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) in the University of Montana as input ecophysiological constants file. The estimates of daily NPP in early July and annual ET on these four biome groups were compared respectively with field measurements and other studies. Daily gross primary production (GPP) of evergreen needle leaf forest measurements were very close to the output of Biome-BGC, but measurements of broadleaf forest and dwarf shrub were much smaller than the simulation result. Simulated annual ET and NPP had a significant correlation with precipitation, indicating precipitation is the major environmental factor affecting ET and NPP in the study area. Precipitation also is the key climatic factor for the interannual ET and NPP variations.     

Ecological and Economic System Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis: A Case Study of Northwest Region,China

Abstract

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and destruction, especially humans’ unreasonable activities, the ecological and economic system (EES) issues of Northwest region in China have attracted more and more attention of the researchers. Aiming at evaluating its ecological and economic system health, a multi-objective evaluation framework called Pressure- State-Response (PSR) was established to describe the ecological and economic health situations. Meanwhile, an integrative set pair model combining set pair analysis (SPA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was proposed to assess the ecological and economic system. Then the EES status of five northwest provinces (Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang) of Northwest region in China was evaluated during 1985 to 2009. The EES development trends of five provinces are obtained. In general, the health values of five provinces showed a rising trend. The health values of five provinces grew rapidly during 1985 to 2000. After 2000, the health values of five provinces still followed the present growth trend, but the growth is relatively smooth. The results show that the method proposed is effective for assessing the health of ecological and economic system.     

不同粒径分布粉煤灰声团聚的最佳频率

基于同向团聚作用建立了声波团聚的数学模型,通过积分近似矩量法求解平均粒径分别为2.1,5.6,10.2μm,粒径标准差分别为2,4,6这3种初始粒径分布下频率对声波团聚的影响,并找出每种粒径分布下的最佳团聚频率范围。再用实验对这3种初始粒径分布的团聚效果及最佳频率进行了验证,得出平均粒径为5.6μm,粒径标准差为4时,团聚效果最佳,所对应的最佳团聚频率为900 Hz。     

描述北方河流封冻期BOD-DO动态的数学模型

本文定量地研究了北方河流封冻期BOD-DO的动态变化规律。提出了一种描述这一动态变化规律的数学模型形式,并且根据在图们江上收集到的实测数据,利用参数估计方法确定了模型中的耗氧系数K_1、复氧系数K_2和BOD沉淀-再悬浮系数K_3.通过实测数据对该模型进行检验的结果证明,它能较好地反映封冻期河流中的BOD-DO动态,可以做为这一时期水质预测与控制的基础。 用数学模型来描述封冻期河流中BOD-DO的变化规律尚属初次,所提出的模型结构形式仍有待于进一步完善。