干硝化好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+的吸附特性与机理

硝化好氧颗粒污泥具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、沉淀性能好等特征,为考察其在重金属废水处理中的应用效果,以干硝化好氧颗粒污泥为吸附剂,研究其对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附特性及影响因素. 结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附方程可以很好地拟合干硝化好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+的吸附过程,说明Pb2+在干硝化好氧颗粒上的吸附属于单分子层吸附,25 ℃下的饱和吸附容量为79.58 mg/g,R2为0.990 1. 吸附动力学分析结果表明,该动态吸附平衡过程遵循伪二级动力学方程,废水初始ρ(Pb2+)分别为20、40、60 mg/L时,R2分别为1.000 0、1.000 0、0.999 9,同时颗粒内扩散方程RC(关联系数,分别为30.706%、28.019%、24.188%)均低于50%,表明颗粒内扩散是控制Pb2+吸附速率的关键步骤. 红外扫描分析(FTIR)结果表明,吸附过程中Pb2+主要与干硝化好氧颗粒污泥表面的O—H、N—H、CO、CC、C—OH、C—O—C等基团发生了作用. 吸附前、后的pH_ZCP(零点电荷)由2.5升至3.1,说明Pb2+在干硝化好氧颗粒污泥上的吸附属于专性吸附,即发生了紧密层吸附. 研究显示,干硝化好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+具有较好的吸附效果,吸附机制主要包括无机微沉淀、表面络合、内层络合反应和离子交换等.      

处理高浓度印染废水的UBF反应器运行参数研究

对 UBF处理高浓度、高色度印染废水进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :当印染废水的 CODCr为 15 0 0 m g/L 及色度为 40 0～60 0倍时 ,最佳 Fe2 +投加量为 9.0～ 10 .0 mg/L;当高浓度印染废水的 CODCr>30 0 0 mg/L 及色度 >5 0 0 0倍时 ,U BF反应器的最适HRT为 2 4.0 h,此时反应器 CODCr去除率稳定在 45 %左右。 U BF反应器具有很好的抗冲击负荷能力     

论经济增长与环境保护的共生

中国经济的快速发展应该建立在环境保护前提之下,在发展中实现经济增长与环境保护共生。这需要从四个方面着手:把绿色GDP作为衡量经济发展的指标;发展低碳经济,实现经济发展与生态文明建设的双赢;加快产业升级,实现经济增长方式的转变;发展循环经济,构建环境友好型社会。     

PAH desorption from sediments with different contents of organic carbon from wastewater receiving rivers

Background and aim  

Many rivers have to receive treated or untreated wastewater as the main water sources in the world, especially in the countries facing with water shortage. For instance, the Haihe and Huaihe River Basin, which are among areas facing crises for water resources in China, receive 33,400 million tons of wastewater per year. As the sediment has large capacity for sorbing hydrophobic organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it can act as a natural repository for the contaminants. This means pollutants can release into water phase again under some conditions, such as resuspension, sediment dredging, etc. The objective of this research was to study the trends of PAH release from sediments in rivers receiving much wastewater, such as Yongding New River (YD), Northsewer (NS), and Southsewer (SS) from Haihe River Basin. These rivers received most of the wastewater from Tianjin, China and merge into Bohai Bay finally.     

利用脱硫灰烧制贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥

研究了脱硫灰替代石膏和部分石灰石烧制贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.试验结果表明,该方法是可行的,既节能利废,又可降低生产成本.     

Household costs and benefits of biodiversity conservation: case study of Sichuan giant panda reserves in China

Households in communities in and around nature reserves are important stakeholders in biodiversity conservation; they are the focus of the conflict between ecological protection and community development. This study surveyed 927 households in 16 giant panda reserves in Sichuan Province, China, to calculate the costs and benefits to households of biodiversity conservation, and the differences for those inside and outside reserves. A multilevel regression model was used to measure the factors influencing the costs and benefits. There are three main findings. First, the direct economic cost for average biodiversity conservation for households inside reserves (1166.83 yuan/year) is significantly higher at the 1% level than for those outside (578.27 yuan/year), while the direct economic benefit for average biodiversity conservation to households living inside reserves (3881.94 yuan/year) is not statistically different than those outside (3653.47 yuan/year). Second, the influence of biodiversity conservation on households is significantly different depending on whether they live inside or outside the reserve, regarding employment opportunities, ties with the outside world, infrastructure, and the community environment. There is also a significant difference between those inside and those outside in perceptions with regard to restrictions in the collection of wild plants and destruction of traditional culture by biodiversity conservation. Third, the factors that affect the costs for and benefits to households of biodiversity conservation include, at the household level, the head of household’s education level, village cadres, number of migrant workers, distance from the town market, reserve-based employment, development projects, and ecotourism management participation, and, at the reserve level, establishment time, level of reserve, protective effect, and location.     

含油污泥特性分析与研究

含油污泥的性质决定其处理工艺及无害化、资源化利用的方式。通过对某油田原油处理系统和污水处理系统产生的含油污泥的理化性质及成分进行检测分析,探讨含油污泥的含油率、含水率、挥发固体、灰分、硫含量、pH值的测定方法,并从以上几个方面对含油污泥的理化性质进行了分析,为下一步含油污泥减量化、资源化、无害化处理提供技术选择的依据。     

白洋淀水中白腐真菌对双酚A的降解规律及途径研究

研究白洋淀表层水(白洋淀原水)、无机盐培养基、无机盐培养基强化的白洋淀原水中双酚A在白腐真菌作用下的生物降解规律,同时考察了细菌及pH等因素对降解率的影响.实验结果表明,白洋淀原水中双酚A在白腐真菌作用下的降解率很高.甚至高于最适营养条件(无机盐培养基)下双酚A的降解率.在6 d达到完全降解.但是无机盐培养基强化的白洋淀原水抑制了白腐真菌对双酚A的降解;当细菌存在时.白腐真菌与细菌对碳源和能源等形成了竞争关系,抑制了白腐真菌的生长.不利于白腐真菌对双酚A的降解;无机盐培养基强化的白洋淀原水在初始pH-6.00时双酚A的降解率高于初始pH=7.00时双酚A的降解率.通过气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析.白腐真菌降解双酚A的中间产物包括2-对羟苯基-2-酮基-1-乙醇、2-羟基苯乙酸和丙二酸等小分子酸.     

生物沥浸法去除猪粪中重金属的研究

探讨以猪粪为培养介质,驯化和加富培养获得硫细菌混合菌液,并研究其对猪粪中重金属的生物沥浸效果。结果表明：猪粪可以在18 d内完成驯化,经3轮富集培养的猪粪粪液可作为硫细菌接种菌液。采用此菌液对猪粪粪液接种并投加硫粉,经过9 d的生物沥浸,Cu、Zn和Cd的沥出率分别达到93.0%、90.1%和67.8%。     

论防震应急系统工程

为了减轻地震灾害给人类造成的损失,需要推行防震应急系统工程.这项系统工程应该包括:综合监测;综合预测;地震灾害综合评估、编制地震灾害系列区划图;圈定防震应急目标区、制定防震应急预案;推动防震应急社会响应联动系统工程;实施分阶段防震应急;建立递进式动态分级分阶段社会响应机制;开展综合减灾,减轻地震伴生灾害、次生灾害及防震应急措施不当造成的损失;研究地震灾害对社会发展的影响,根据区域地震灾害承载力,制定与减灾相结合的发展策略.