活性碳纤维的应用

本文在比较活性碳纤维与活性碳的结构和吸附特点的基础上,综述了这种吸附材料在废水处理,饮用水净化,空气净化,溶剂回收等各个领域的应用。     

土壤镉暴露对玉米和大豆的生态毒性评估

以中国东北黑土为培养基,通过室内急性毒性实验,采用Trimmed Spearman-Karber方法计算EC50值(半抑制浓度),并分析作物的生物累积系数(BAF),定量化评估了土壤中镉对玉米和大豆的生态毒性及生物有效性.测量终点为种子发芽率、根长和幼茎长.结果表明,土壤镉暴露给农作物带来一定的负生长效应.种子发芽率不是评估土壤镉生态毒性的敏感因子,根生长是敏感的毒性测量终点.镉在植株体内的累积及迁移与作物种类和土壤镉浓度有关.玉米植株体内累积了较大量的镉,而大豆植株体内镉由根向幼茎的迁移较为显著.     

Linear Diamides Derivative-Nucleated Biodegradable Poly(ethylene succinate) Polyester: Crystallization Kinetics and Aggregated Structure Manipulated by Hydrogen Bond Interaction

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - A linear diamides derivative (TMC300) as a nucleating agent (NA) was incorporated into biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) to investigate effect...     

Quantifying the core driving force for the sustainable redevelopment of industrial heritage: implications for urban renewal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Industrial heritage redevelopment (IHR) is the redevelopment and utilization of original industrial buildings. The sustainable development of IHR...     

颗粒粒径对玉米秸秆生物碳吸附锶的影响

以玉米秸秆为原材料,采用限氧裂解法于350℃下制备了不同粒径的生物碳(BC-9.31、BC-20.26、BC-60.77、BC-71.07、BC-101.9,数字代表样品的中值径μm),研究颗粒粒径对生物碳吸附锶的影响.结果表明:生物碳的颗粒粒径对核素锶的吸附速率和吸附容量均有显著影响.生物碳对锶的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型(R2,0.99),颗粒最细的BC-9.31吸附速率最大(4.48 mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1)).随着颗粒粒径的增加,锶的吸附速率呈指数降低,其吸附速率差异高达20倍.生物碳对锶的吸附等温曲线符合准Langmuir模型(R2,0.94~0.99),饱和吸附容量为9.09~23.81 mg·g~(-1).随着粒径的增大,锶的吸附容量先降低后增高又降低,粒径最小的BC-9.31(23.81 mg·g~(-1))吸附容量最大,吸附容量最小的则是BC-60.77(9.09 mg·g~(-1)),两者相差2.6倍.pH对生物碳吸附锶具有重要影响.在溶液pH值较低时(1.93~4.74),对锶的吸附去除率急剧增加(3.94~9.17倍);而pH值较高时(4.74~11.85),吸附去除率缓慢提高(1.11~1.68倍).pH值也是颗粒粒径影响的重要参数,随pH值增加颗粒粒径对生物碳吸附锶的影响程度显著减小.生物碳极性指数与锶饱和吸附量和吸附速率均呈正相关关系,表明极性官能团是锶的重要吸附位点.     

TiO2/Al2O3复合分离膜的制备及其对染料的去除性能

以孔径为200 nm的Al2O3膜片作为载体,应用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了孔径为50～100 nm的TiO2/Al2O3复合分离膜.用XRD、SEM对TiO2膜的物相、TiO2/Al2O3复合分离膜的形貌等进行了分析和表征.根据XRD分析,用Scherrer公式计算复合分离膜中TiO2粒子的平均粒径为22 nm,其中锐钛矿相占86%,金红石相占14%.同时,应用TEM、EDX、UV-Vis扩散反射光谱对TiO2/Al2O3复合分离膜的微观结构、组成、性质等进行了进一步调查和研究通过应用可溶性染料酸性橙Ⅱ作为目标污染物,对TiO2/Al2O3复合分离膜的分离和光催化性能进行了调查和评价.实验结果表明,应用这种具有光催化能力的复合分离膜,持续处理1000 mL酸性橙Ⅱ溶液(100 mg·L-1)400 min,去除率可达80%以上,相对于单独的光催化技术(65%)或单独的膜分离技术(59%),染料的去除效率明显提高.     

Net ecosystem CO2 exchange over a larch forest in Hokkaido, Japan

Larch forests are distributed extensively in the east Eurasian continent and are expected to play a significant role in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling process. In view of the fact that studies on carbon exchange for this important biome have been very limited, we have initiated a long-term flux observation in a larch forest ecosystem in Hokkaido in northern Japan since 2000. The net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) showed large seasonal and diurnal variation. Generally, the larch forest ecosystem released CO₂ in nighttime and assimilated CO₂ in daytime during the growing season from May to October. The ecosystem started to become a net carbon sink in May, reaching a maximum carbon uptake as high as 186 g C m⁻² month⁻¹ in June. With the yellowing, senescing and leaf fall, the ecosystem turned into a carbon source in November. During the non-growing season, the larch forest ecosystem became a net source of CO₂, releasing an average of 16.7 g C m⁻² month⁻¹. Overall, the ecosystem sequestered 141–240 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ in 2001. The NEE was significantly influenced by environmental factors. Respiration of the ecosystem, for example, was exponentially dependent on air temperature, while photosynthesis was related to the incident PAR in a manner consistent with the Michaelis–Menten model. Although the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was scarcely higher than 15 hPa, the CO₂ uptake rate was also depressed when VPD surpassed 10 hPa.     

Enhancement of p,p'-DDT photodegradation on soil surfaces using TiO2 induced by UV-light

Enhancement of p,p'-DDT photodegradation on soil surfaces using TiO2 induced by UV-light was mainly investigated in this work. After being spiked with p,p'-DDT, soil samples loaded with different doses of TiO2 (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% wt) were exposed to UV-light irradiation for 24 h. The results indicated that the photodegradation of p,p'-DDT followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. TiO2 accelerated the photodegradation of p,p'-DDT significantly as indicated by the half-life reduction from 23.3 h to 10.4 h, corresponding to the TiO2 content from 0% to 3% respectively. In addition, the effects of soil pH, photon flux and humic substances on p,p'-DDT degradation were investigated. The photodegradation rate increased with the increase of the soil pH and photon flux. The humic substances (2% wt) inhibited the p,p'-DDT photodegradation by reducing the amount of light available to excite the p,p'-DDT and TiO2 or by quenching radicals capable of oxidizing p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and DDMU were main degradation intermediates and they were further degraded in the presence of TiO2.     

高效酶促进剂Accell应用于SBR处理畜禽废水的研究

为了进一步在工艺基础上提升畜禽废水污染物的处理效果,在畜禽废水治理工艺的生化段SBR反应器进水中投加高效酶促进剂Accell。两套相同装置平行运行的效果对比表明:投加Accell可使得COD的去除在SBR反应器基础上再减少40%以上,对NH_3-N的去除可进一步再减少25%以上。此外,投加高效酶促进剂Accell可促进微生物的代谢速率,增加溶氧效率,强化污染物的去除效果。     

江苏油田西部新区试采初期清洁生产工艺研究

在江苏油田西部新区,大部分油井均地处沙漠边缘或腹地,属于脆弱的沙漠生态环境。对新区试采初期不同施工环节中污染源、污染物进行了分析,针对各种污染物产生的环节,提出了试采初期实施清洁生产的管理和技术方法,并对探区的清洁生产长期规划提出了可行性建议。