CASS工艺园区污水处理厂提标改造为AAO+三级处理工艺后的运行效果对比分析

为深入落实长江大保护政策,对南京经济技术开发区污水处理厂实施了提标改造。提标工艺为粗细格栅+曝气沉砂池+AAO+高效沉淀池+滤布滤池+消毒。结果表明：在该工艺运行过程中,进水可部分选择性地或全部越过厌氧池进入缺氧池,从而强化反硝化脱氮;在好氧池池末端前置投加除磷药剂,不仅可去除一定的COD和TP,还有强化二沉池污泥压缩、泥水分离的效果;借助碳源投加可提高来水可生化性;增加一套占地面积小、处理效果稳定的高效沉淀池+滤布滤池+消毒三级处理工艺,可控制出水水质,使其持续稳定达标;提标后出水COD、TP、TN、NH₃-N、SS的平均质量浓度分别由37.9、0.323、11.18、1.94、19 mg·L⁻¹降低至22.3、0.029、4.55、0.08、3 mg·L⁻¹,污水直接处理成本由0.47元·t⁻¹增加到0.78元·t⁻¹;提标后出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,部分指标满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅳ类水标准要求。该提标改造项目的实施经济效益可行、社会效益显著,可为同类型污水处理厂提标改造工作提供参考。     

Drought-tolerant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces pactum</Emphasis> Act12 assist phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amaranthus hypochondriacus</Emphasis>: great potential application in arid/semi-arid areas

Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an effective approach to clean up heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, severe drought may affect the function of microbes in arid/semi-arid areas. Streptomyces pactum Act12 is a drought-tolerant soil actinomycete strain isolated from an extreme environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to assess the effect of Act12 on Cd tolerance, uptake, and accumulation in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) under water deficit. Inoculated plants had higher Cd concentrations (root 8.7–33.9 %; shoot 53.2–102.1 %) and uptake (root 19.9–95.3 %; shoot 110.6–170.1 %) than non-inoculated controls in Cd-treated soil. The translocation factor of Cd from roots to shoots was increased by 14.2–75 % in inoculated plants, while the bioconcentration factor of Cd in roots and shoots was increased by 10.2–64.4 and 53.9–114.8 %, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with Act12 increased plant height, root length, and shoot biomass of amaranth in Cd-treated soil compared to non-inoculated controls. Physiochemical analysis revealed that Act12 enhanced Cd tolerance in the plants by increasing glutathione, elevating superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, as well as reducing malondialdehyde content in the leaves. The drought-tolerant actinomycete strain Act12 can enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of amaranth for Cd-contaminated soils under water deficit, exhibiting potential for application in arid and semi-arid areas.     

应用地累积指数评价鞍山市夏季PM2.5中元素的污染

2014年夏季在鞍山市的6个站点进行了PM2.5的样品采集,对其载带的15种元素进行了检测。通过地累积指数、相关分析和聚类分析等方法分析了鞍山市夏季PM2.5中15种元素的污染来源。结果表明:Ca、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cd这5种元素的质量分数在各站点之间存在较大的差异;地累积指数结果显示,Cd为极强污染程度,可能的来源是钢铁冶炼和刹车及轮胎磨损,Pb和Zn污染程度在强污染以上,Pb可能的主要人为来源是钢铁冶炼和窖炉煤的燃烧,Zn可能主要来自钢铁冶炼和机动车,Cu、Ni、Cr和Ca中到强污染以下;聚类分析将中度污染及以上元素分为Zn-Cd-Pb,Ni-Cu-Cr和Ca 3类,分别指示钢铁冶炼、机动车尾气及刹车、轮胎磨损,建筑尘;相关性分析显示,Cr与Ni、Cu可能来自同一污染源,Zn、Cd和Pb可能来自同一种源。     

污泥在CO2气氛下热解CO与CH4的生成特性

利用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用技术研究了典型市政污水污泥在CO2和N2气氛下的热解特性。基于TG-FTIR分析结果,采用等温模式配合法研究了CO2气氛下污泥固定床热解过程中CO和CH4的生成特性,建立了CO和CH4的生成动力学机理模型,并同传统N2气氛下污泥热解情况进行了对比,理论模型利用实际实验数据进行了验证分析。结果表明,在实验温度范围内2种气氛下CO与CH4的生成情况有着比较明显的差异,CO2气氛下CH4释放浓度在峰值和总量上都要低于N2气氛,CH4释放峰值来得更早,释放时间更为集中,释放过程也结束得更快。相反,CO的释放浓度峰值,总量以及持续时间在CO2气氛下都要远远高于N2气氛,随着温度的升高,差距越来越大,CO2的存在大大促进了CO的生成。经实验验证,理论推导所得的模型公式对于热解产物生成有着良好的预测结果。     

水体浊度对马来眼子菜和菹草生长的影响

研究了不同浊度(30、60和90 NTU)水体中,马来眼子菜及菹草的生长发育状况,并用水下饱和脉冲叶绿素荧光仪(Diving-PAM)测定其叶片荧光参数指标。结果表明,不同的浊度对马来眼子菜的叶片数及株高无显著影响,而对菹草的叶片数及株高生长速率有一定的影响。30 d胁迫下,浊度组马来眼子菜的最大光化学量子产量(maximum quantum yield,Fv/Fm)、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching,qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching,qN)、相对光合电子传递速率(electron transport rate,ETR)与对照组差异不显著(p>0.05),表明马来眼子菜对浑浊水体有较强的耐受能力;实验结束时,高浊度组(90 NTU)中,菹草Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR与对照组达到极显著差异(p<0.01),其余浊度组也相应受到影响,说明菹草的光系统II(PSII)受到破坏。该研究的成果可为沉水植物恢复研究与实践提供技术支撑。     

监控完全遮挡场景下火焰特征分析方法

为解决监控完全遮挡场景下火灾原因认定面临的问题,探究火焰的视频特征分析方法.利用油盘火、垃圾桶火焰和短路火花3种实体火焰模拟室内火灾,布置普通彩色CCD监控摄像头使之被完全遮挡,收集火灾视频进行预处理,利用视频分析技术提取、对比、分析油盘火焰、垃圾桶火焰和短路火花的HSV颜色、火焰面积增长、质心变化、Harris角点变...     

基于BERT-BILSTM-CRF模型的电力行业事故文本智能分析*

为解决电力行业事故报告文本较长、语义复杂,难以进行有效文本识别问题,提出1种以BERT作为底层的预训练模型,并设计1种双重注意力机制编码器,结合BILSTM-CRF深度挖掘事故文本语义特征,从而实现文本智能分析。首先构建电力词典,通过对BERT预训练,进行BIO标注,然后引入BILSTM-CRF模型实现对文本标签智能分类,最后将该模型与现行其他4种深度学习模型进行对比。研究结果表明:该模型智能识别精确率、召回率及F1值(查准率)均达到约97%,较其他4种模型中效果最好的模型分别提高0.02,0.03,0.02。研究结果可为电力行业事故报告文本分析提供1种新思路。     

Driving anger among motor vehicle drivers in China: A cross-sectional survey

Objective: Driving anger is a common emotion while driving and has been associated with traffic crashes. This study aimed to investigate situations that increase driving anger among Chinese drivers.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,101 drivers in southern China. The translated version of the 33-item Driving Anger Scale (DAS) was used to measure driving anger. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews between June 2016 and September 2016.

Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit of the original 6-factor model (discourtesy, traffic obstacles, hostile gestures, slow driving, illegal driving, and police presence) was satisfactory, after removing 2 items and allowing 5 error pairs to covary. The model showed satisfactory fit: goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.90, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, 90% confidence interval (CI) = 0.061–0.064. Driving anger among Chinese drivers was lower than that in some Western countries. Compared to older and experienced drivers, younger and new drivers were more likely to report driving anger. There was no difference in total reported driving anger between males and females. Additionally, the higher the driver’s anger level was, the more likely he or she was to have had a traffic crash.

Conclusion: Driving anger is a common emotion among Chinese drivers and has a strong correlation with aggressive driving behavior and traffic crashes.     

基于微生物生物完整性指数的北京市城市河道生态系统健康评价

生物完整性指数（IBI）是河道生态系统健康评价的重要且被广泛应用的指标,然而,基于水体中分解者微生物群落构建IBI评价标准的研究较少。针对北京市城市河道生态系统健康状况开展评价,探索微生物生物完整性指数(M-IBI)评价流程与标准构建方法。基于沉积物中微生物Illumina高通量测序信息,筛选出关键环境因子（水质指标TN、TP、NH₃-N、NO₃-N和NO₂-N）确定候选生物指标,根据判别能力分析结果,确定Shannon指数、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）相对丰度、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）相对丰度、蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）相对丰度、COD_Cr耐受属相对丰度和NH₃-N清洁属相对丰度6个指标,提出了指标标准化公式和健康评价标准。结果表明,以自然水体为补水的永定河各采样点评价结果均为健康状态,其他3条以城镇再生水厂出水为补水的河道中,清河4个采样点为健康至亚健康状态,凉水河5个采样点为健康至一般状态,大龙河4个采样点为亚健康至一般状态。M-IBI可以有效区分不同程度的受损点位,较合理地评价城市河道生态系统健康状况。

     

黑臭水体综合整治案例分析——以海口市美舍河为例

阐述了海口市的母亲河——美舍河黑臭的主要原因以及整治工程措施,总结了黑臭水体治理的成效。由于市政基础设施薄弱,美舍河沿线存在生活污水直排,雨污错接、混接,合流溢流污染等情况,导致水体常年黑臭。自2015年以来海口市以流域为单元,遵循海绵城市、生态河道的先进理念,按照控源截污、内源治理、生态修复三步走原则,对美舍河开展黑臭水体整治。在控源截污方面,新建合流制排放管、布设截污管道共7.2 km,一体化污水处理设施3个,增加污水处理量7 500 m³/d;内源治理方面,采用挖掘机和绞吸清淤船配合的清淤方式清除污染底泥;生态修复方面,采用环境修复剂对底质进行改良,种植沉水植被36万m²,建设1.0 m×22 m橡胶坝2座,全水域投放水生态修复剂等。此外,美舍河采用梯级潜流人工湿地技术,在增强处理效果的同时,营造出良好的景观。通过上述综合整治,美舍河于2017年消除黑臭。