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排序方式: 共有1143条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
441.
Doležalová Lenka Bláhová Lucie Kuta Jan Hojdarová Tereza Kozáková Šárka Bláha Luděk 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(18):26810-26819
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of hazardous antineoplastic drugs (ADs) used in anticancer chemotherapies is steadily increasing representing thus risks to both human... 相似文献
442.
Iqbal Aamir Jan M. Rasul Shah Jasmin Rashid Bahroz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(59):88763-88778
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Scarcity in mining and geo-political direction diverts attention toward critical metal recycling. Gallium (Ga), indium (In) and germanium (Ge) are... 相似文献
443.
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445.
Global assessment of the non-equilibrium concept in rangelands 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The non-equilibrium concept of rangeland dynamics predicts that the potential for grazing-induced degradation is low in rangelands with relatively variable precipitation. To date, evidence in support of the non-equilibrium concept has been inconsistent. Using a standardized protocol, including a newly developed global map of rainfall variability, we reviewed the incidence of degradation in relation to rainfall variability across 58 published studies. We distinguished between (1) zonal degradation (i.e., degradation independent of water and key resources), (2) degradation in the presence of key resources, and (3) degradation in the presence of water. For studies not affected by proximity to permanent water or key resources, we found strong support for the non-equilibrium concept for rangelands. Zonal degradation was absent at CV (coefficient of variation) values above 33%, which has been proposed as a critical threshold. Grazing degradation was almost entirely restricted to areas with relatively stable annual precipitation as expressed by a low CV, or to rangelands with key resources or water points nearby. To better understand rangeland dynamics, we recommend that future studies use globally comparable measures of degradation and rainfall variability. Our work underlines that rangelands with relatively stable rainfall patterns, and those with access to water or key resources, are potentially vulnerable to degradation. Grazing management in such areas should incorporate strategic rest periods. Such rest periods effectively mimic natural fluctuations in herbivore populations, which are a defining characteristic of non-degraded rangelands occurring under highly variable precipitation regimes. 相似文献
446.
Sexual selection is often assumed to increase the viability of populations by increasing the quality of offspring produced.
Presently, human-induced environmental changes are altering the process of sexual selection by influencing male–male interactions
and female mate choice. Here, we show that increased density of filamentous algae due to eutrophication reverses parasite-mediated
selection during reproduction in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). When we manipulated the density of artificial algae in a breeding area in the Baltic Sea, more males nested in dense than
in sparse vegetation, but the males in dense vegetation were more parasitized. Interestingly, heavily parasitized males acquired
more eggs than less parasitized males in dense vegetation but not in sparse vegetation. The higher probability of reproduction
for parasitized males in dense algae growth could be due to impaired visibility relaxing male–male competition or reducing
female choosiness. This could favour males in poor condition that often invest more in attracting females than males in good
condition. In sparse vegetation, parasitized males may have a lower reproductive success due to intense male–male competition,
careful female choice and high predation rate selecting against parasitized males. The results suggest that eutrophication
could alter the fraction of the population that reproduces, which could have long-term evolutionary consequences. 相似文献
447.
Claudia P. Kruizinga Jan M.H. Schellekens 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):271-286
A pilot study was conducted regarding the effects of working posture, handling frequency, and task duration on musculoskeletal discomfort. Participants rated their discomfort perceived while performing a repetitive task at 8 different combinations of manipulations. Pauses between the work periods lasted 15 min. Discomfort was rated according to Borg’s category-ratio scale CR-10 and postures were recorded by an optoelectronic movement registration system. From linear multiple regression analysis equations for predicting discomfort at various body regions were obtained. Coefficients of determination especially point to trunk inclination and handling frequency as major determinants of musculoskeletal discomfort. 相似文献
448.
Jan Rzepecki 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):181-193
AbstractThis article presents a method of assessing the economic outcome of implementing an occupational safety and health management system (OSH MS). Developed at the Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (Poland), this method focuses on identifying the economic expenses comprising bookkeeping and alternative cost incurred to implement and improve an OSH MS. The method was next used in a study in 20 enterprises. While varying greatly among those enterprises, the alternative cost of implementing and maintaining an OSH MS was much higher than the bookkeeping cost, which was also much lower than the cost of statutory prevention measures. The implementation of an OSH MS resulted in both tangible and intangible benefits, including reduced premiums for work accident insurance. 相似文献
449.
Schaap Ben F. Blom-Zandstra Margaretha Hermans Christiane M. L. Meerburg Bastiaan G. Verhagen Jan 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):731-741
Agriculture is vulnerable to climate change in multiple ways. Here, we use the northern region of the Netherlands as a case
study to explore how risk assessments for climate change impacts on crop production can address multiple vulnerabilities.
We present a methodology, which we call agro climate calendar (ACC) that (i) includes potential yield losses, as well as loss
of product quality, and (ii) assesses the risks of a variety of climate factors including weather extremes and the emergence
and abundance of pests and diseases. Climate factors are defined for two time slices: 1990 (1976–2005) and 2040 (2026–2055);
the frequency of occurrence of the factors is compared for the two periods, and the resulting frequency shifts are presented
in a crop calendar on a monthly basis. This yields an indication of the magnitude and direction of changes in climatic conditions
that can lead to damage by extreme events and pests and diseases. We present results for the two most important crops in the
region, seed potato, and winter wheat. The results provide a good overview of risks from climate factors, and the most important
threats and opportunities are identified. This semi-quantitative approach is firmly rooted in farm management, which is the
level where operational and strategic decisions are made. Thus, the approach is well suited to assist local stakeholders such
as farmers and policy makers to explore farm-level adaptation. This work is complementary to previous modeling work that focused
mainly on the relation between mean climate change factors (i.e., temperature) and crop yield. 相似文献
450.
Reproduction and survival of tawny owls in relation to persistent organic pollutants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The potential effects of organochlorines (OCs) and brominated flame retardants on reproduction and survival were studied in tawny owls (Strix aluco) in Central Norway over a period of 19 years (1986-2004). Concentrations of 14 OCs and five polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in eggs (n=104), and Principal Component Analysis was used to produce composite measurements of pollutants; i.e. PC1 and PC2, which accounted for 85% of the variation in contaminant concentrations. There was no evidence for adverse associations between pollutants (PC scores) and life-history traits such as clutch size, probability of producing fledglings and survival, when controlling for potentially confounding variables. Moreover, there was no evidence for interactions between pollutants and vole abundance suggesting no synergistic effects of food stress and pollutants on these life-history traits. There was, however, some evidence for a non-linear negative association between p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene) and eggshell thickness. This suggests that the concentrations of pollutants in this ecosystem were too low to affect reproduction and survival in an owl predominantly consuming prey at low trophic levels, but may be sufficient to cause eggshell thinning at the highest concentrations. 相似文献