全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3711篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
国内免费 | 40篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 113篇 |
废物处理 | 179篇 |
环保管理 | 385篇 |
综合类 | 694篇 |
基础理论 | 760篇 |
环境理论 | 5篇 |
污染及防治 | 1087篇 |
评价与监测 | 307篇 |
社会与环境 | 232篇 |
灾害及防治 | 23篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 101篇 |
2021年 | 124篇 |
2020年 | 66篇 |
2019年 | 55篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 136篇 |
2016年 | 161篇 |
2015年 | 106篇 |
2014年 | 154篇 |
2013年 | 221篇 |
2012年 | 168篇 |
2011年 | 232篇 |
2010年 | 171篇 |
2009年 | 164篇 |
2008年 | 178篇 |
2007年 | 175篇 |
2006年 | 110篇 |
2005年 | 164篇 |
2004年 | 178篇 |
2003年 | 184篇 |
2002年 | 124篇 |
2001年 | 93篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1964年 | 5篇 |
1961年 | 5篇 |
1958年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3785条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
181.
Degree of phosphorus saturation of an Oxisol amended with biosolids in a long-term field experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes Murilo de Campos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(8):5511-5520
When applied to agricultural soils, phosphate fertilizers and the mineral or organic compounds present in solid and/or liquid waste may raise phosphorus (P) content and increase soil P saturation. The degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) is a good indicator of potential P loss from agricultural soils. The purpose of this study was to calculate the DPS of samples from an Oxisol amended for 5 years with biosolids and mineral fertilizer. DPS was calculated based on P, iron, and aluminum extracted by ammonium oxalate and oxalic acid (DPSox) or by Mehlich-1 solution (DPSM1). Treatments included NPK mineral fertilization (175 kg ha?1 of P), B1?=?19.02 t ha?1 of biosolids (350 kg ha?1 of P), B2?=?38.17 t ha?1 of biosolids (703 kg ha?1 of P), B3?=?76.26 t ha–1 of biosolids (1,405 kg ha?1 of P), and a control (no P added). Water-extractable P (WEP) was also measured. Critical levels of DPSox and DPSM1 (21 and 24 %, respectively) were only achieved in the topsoil (0–0.1 m) at the highest biosolid dose. Concentration of WEP was positively correlated to DPSox and DPSM1. The DPSM1 method may be an alternative to DPSox for assessing the environmental risk of P loss from soil into surface runoff. 相似文献
182.
Nicola Cortesi José Carlos Gonzalez-Hidalgo Michele Brunetti Martín de Luis 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(5):1743-1749
The spatial variability of annual and seasonal precipitation in the conterminous land of Spain has been evaluated by using correlation decay distance analysis (CDD). The CDD analysis essentially explores how the correlation between neighbouring stations varies according to distance. We analysed CDD independently for the decades 1956–1965, 1966–1975, 1976–1985, 1986–1995, and 1996–2005 using only those stations with no missing values for each decade. To this end, 972, 1,174, 1,242, 773 and 695 complete series were used for each decade, respectively. In particular, for each station and decade, we calculated the threshold distance at which the common variance between target (i) and neighbour series is higher than 50 % (r 2 = 0.5) to evaluate whether current density of the climate data set captures the spatial variability of precipitation within the study area. Results indicate that, at an annual scale, neighbouring stations with 50 % of common variance are restricted on average to about 105 km, but this distance can vary from 28 to 251 km within the study area. The lowest variability is located to the SW and in winter, while the higher spatial variability is found to the north, in the Cantabrian area, and to the east, in the Mediterranean and Pyrenees, during summer. Our results suggest that current density of climate stations (those operating in 2005) is good enough to study precipitation variability at an annual scale for winter, spring and autumn, but not enough for summer. 相似文献
183.
Tatiana Simonetto Colla Robson Andreazza Francielle Bücker Marcela Moreira de Souza Letícia Tramontini Gerônimo Rodrigues Prado Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo Fátima Menezes Bento 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2592-2602
This study investigated the effectiveness of successive bioaugmentation, conventional bioaugmentation, and biostimulation of biodegradation of B10 in soil. In addition, the structure of the soil microbial community was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The consortium was inoculated on the initial and the 11th day of incubation for successive bioaugmentation and only on the initial day for bioaugmentation and conventional bioaugmentation. The experiment was conducted for 32 days. The microbial consortium was identified based on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and consisted as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Ochrobactrum intermedium. Nutrient introduction (biostimulation) promoted a positive effect on microbial populations. The results indicate that the edaphic community structure and dynamics were different according to the treatments employed. CO2 evolution demonstrated no significant difference in soil microbial activity between biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatments. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis indicated a biodegradation level of 35.7 and 32.2 % for the biostimulation and successive bioaugmentation treatments, respectively. Successive bioaugmentation displayed positive effects on biodegradation, with a substantial reduction in TPH levels. 相似文献
184.
Silvestre García de Jalón Ana Iglesias Ruth Cunningham Juan I. Pérez Díaz 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(3):1229-1242
Agricultural water management needs to evolve in view of increased water scarcity, especially when farming and natural protected areas are closely linked. In the study site of Doñana (southern Spain), water is shared by rice producers and a world heritage biodiversity ecosystem. Our aim is to contribute to defining adaptation strategies that may build resilience to increasing water scarcity and minimize water conflicts among agricultural and natural systems. The analytical framework links a participatory process with quantitative methods to prioritize the adaptation options. Bottom-up proposed adaptation measures are evaluated by a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) that includes both socioeconomic criteria and criteria of the ecosystem services affected by the adaptation options. Criteria weights are estimated by three different methods—analytic hierarchy process, Likert scale and equal weights—that are then compared. Finally, scores from an MCA are input into an optimization model used to determine the optimal land-use distribution in order to maximize utility and land-use diversification according to different scenarios of funds and water availability. While our results show a spectrum of perceptions of priorities among stakeholders, there is one overriding theme that is to define a way to restore part of the rice fields to natural wetlands. These results hold true under the current climate scenario and even more so under an increased water scarcity scenario. 相似文献
185.
Thalita Rangueri de Barros Sandro Donnini Mancini José Lázaro Ferraz 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(2):415-429
A study was made of the composition of wastes collected from the pipes of the stormwater drainage system of Sorocaba, SP, Brazil (600 thousand inhabitants). A total of 10 samples weighing at least 100 kg each were sorted into 19 items to determine the fraction that can be considered natural (earth/sand, stones, organic matter, and water, the latter determined after oven-drying the samples) and the anthropogenic fraction (the remaining 15 items, especially construction and demolition wastes and packaging). Soil/sand was found to be the main item collected (52.5 % dry weight), followed by the water soaked into the waste (24.3 %), which meant that all the other wastes were saturated in mud, whose contents varied from 6.4 % (glass) to 87.2 % (metalized plastics packaging). In general, 83 % of the collected wastes can be classified as “natural,” but the remaining 17 % represent 2,000 kg of the most varied types of wastes discarded improperly every day on the streets of the city. This is an alarming amount of wastes that may clog parts of the drainage systems, causing troubles for all the population (like flooding) and must be strongly considered in municipal solid wastes management and in environmental education programs. 相似文献
186.
Noel de Nevers Albert H. Wehe 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):211-215
A natural gas curtailment procedure designed to improve air quality is proposed and discussed. Computer simulations of this approach, in comparison with an approach which ignores environmental factors, shows that the air-quality approach will produce significant improvements in air quality over the non-environmental approach. 相似文献
187.
Brian P. Leaderer Theodore R. Holford Jan A. J. Stolwijk 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):154-157
A PM10 monitoring network was established throughout the South Coast Air Basin (SOCAB) in the greater Los Angeles region during the calendar year 1986. Annual average PM10 mass concentrations within the Los Angeles metropolitan area ranged from 47.0 µg m-3 along the coast to 87.4 µg m-3 at Rubldoux, the furthest inland monitoring station. Measurements made at San Nicolas Island suggest that regional background aerosol contributes between 28 to 44 percent of the PM10 aerosol at monitoring sites In the SOCAB over the long term average. Five major aerosol components (carbonaceous material, NO- 3, SO= 4, NH+ 4, and soil-related material) account for greater than 80 percent of the annual average PM10 mass at all on-land monitoring stations. Peak 24-h average mass concentrations of nearly 300 µg m-3 were observed at inland locations, with lower peak values (?130–150 µg m-3) measured along the coast. Peak-day aerosol composition was characterized by increased NO- 3 Ion and associated ammonium ion levels, as compared to the annual average. There appears to be only a weak dependence of PM10 mass concentration on season of the year. This lack of a pronounced seasonal dependence results from the complex and contradictory seasonal variations in the major chemical components (carbonaceous material, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium ion and crustal material). At most sites within the Los Angeles metropolitan area, PM10 mass concentrations exceeded both the annual and 24-h average federal and state of California PM10 regulatory standards. 相似文献
188.
Bert Brunekreef Danny Houthuijs Lyanne Dijkstra Jan S.M. Boleij 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1252-1256
Elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are produced in the home by the use of unvented gas appliances. In studies on potential health effects of Indoor exposure to NO2, exposure has mostly been estimated from the presence or absence of sources like gas cookers in the home. This leads to misclassification of exposure, as NO2 concentrations in the home depend also on source use, ventilation habits, time budgets, etc. The availability of cheap, passive monitoring devices has made it possible to measure Indoor concentrations of NO2 directly in health effects studies, albeit with averaging times of one to several days. So far, it has not been evaluated whether this increases the sensitivity of a study to detect health effects of NO2. In this paper, a comparison is made between NO2 sources and weekly average indoor NO2 measurements, as predictors of pulmonary function in a study among children aged 6–12 years. The relationship between exposure and lung functions was found to be generally non-significant in this study. The results further suggested that in this study, measuring Indoor NO2 concentrations with passive monitors offered no advantage over the simple use of source presence as exposure variable. 相似文献
189.
Maria Izildinha Ferreira Helena Petrenko Debora Jâ de Araujo Lobo Geraldo Stachetti Rodrigues Andreia Moreira Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1852-1856
ABSTRACT The present work was designed to determine the potential genotoxicity at the vicinity of a solid waste incinerator in the metropolitan area of Sâo Paulo, using the Tradescantia stamen-hair bioassay. Experiments were carried out between December 1998 and April 1999 in four regions (40 pots of plants per site) selected on the basis of their pollution levels predicted by theoretical modeling of the dispersion of the incinerator's plume. The exposure sites were defined as follows: highest level (incinerator); a high level (museum) located 1.5 km from the emission point; a moderate level (school, at a distance of 3.5 km from the incinerator); and a control (at Jaguariuna countryside). The difference in genotoxicity among the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The frequency of mutations observed in the countryside was significantly lower [2.25 ± 1.55, mean ± SD (standard deviation)] than that of the sites close to the incinerator. The frequency of mutations measured at the school (3.70 ± 1.36) was significantly lower than that measured at both the museum (4.89 ± 1.12) and the incinerator (5.69 ± 1.34). In conclusion, we found a positive correlation between the spatial distribution of the emissions of the incinerator located in an urban area and the mutagenic events measured by the Tradescantia stamen-hair assay. The in situ approach employed in this study was simple, efficient, and of low cost. No air or chemical extraction of pollutants was necessary for genotoxicity testing as required by other assays. 相似文献
190.
Alan R. Leston Will M. Ollison Chester W. Spicer Jan Satola 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1464-1472
Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established a federal reference method (FRM) for ozone (O3) and allowed for designation of federal equivalent methods (FEMs). However, the ethylene‐chemiluminescence FRM for O3 has been replaced by the UV photometric FEM by most state and local monitoring agencies because of its relative ease of operation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the FEM is prone to bias under the hot, humid, and stagnant conditions conducive to high O3 formation. This bias may lead to overreporting hourly O3 concentrations by as much as 20–40 ppb. Measurement bias is caused by contamination of the O3 scrubber, a problem that is not detected by dry air calibration. An adequate wet test has not been codified, although a procedure has been proposed for agency consideration. This paper includes documentation of laboratory tests quantifying specific interferant responses, collocated ambient FRM/FEM monitoring results, and smog chamber comparisons of the FRM and FEMs with alternative scrubber designs. As the numbers of reports on monitor interferences have grown, interested parties have called for agency recognition and correction of these biases. 相似文献