催化湿式氧化复合催化剂对偶氮染料废水的降解

以C包覆海绵铁(SI-C)为载体,La、Mn、Ni的硝酸盐为前驱物,采用混合浸渍焙烧法制备了SI-C表层负载金属催化剂(Mn-Ni/C、Mn-La/C、Ni-La/C、Mn-Ni-La/C),以H2O2为氧化剂,研究常温常压下H2O2与催化剂协同作用处理偶氮染料模拟废水的效果,并对其制备条件和性能进行探讨.结果表明,负载型Mn-Ni-La/C在催化湿式过氧化氢氧化(CWPO)中降解效果最好,且0.02 mol·L-1的La、Mn、Ni硝酸盐金属浸渍液以体积比1:1:1均匀混合,300℃焙烧2 h条件下制得的催化剂效果最佳;通过海绵铁固定床外加高频交变磁场,实现一种新型热传递方式下的感应热非均相反应处理有机废水.以海绵铁为感应磁核,形成固-液界面高温微反应区,促进非均相催化反应的进行.实验结果显示直接蓝D-3GL的去除率达98.39%,对直接紫D-BL的去除率达97.56%,对直接大红D-GLN的去除率达92.18%.     

利用SOS/umu测试方法鉴定沙颍河河水中的遗传毒性物质

采用HPLC分割导向的SOS/umu测试方法鉴定了沙颍河河水中的遗传毒性物质。当采用TA1535/pSK1002菌株测定HPLC分割的各馏分时,如果不经大鼠肝微粒体酶(S9)代谢活化,只有馏分F10显示遗传毒性,加入大鼠肝微粒体酶代谢活化后,馏分F10和馏分F15都显示有遗传毒性,说明河水中存在某些需经过大鼠肝微粒体酶代谢活化才能显示出遗传毒性的物质。当采用过量表达O-乙酰转移酶(O-AT),对芳香胺类物质和硝基芳烃化合物有特殊响应的NM2009菌株测定时,馏分F8、F9和F10均呈现遗传毒性;特别是对于馏分F10,用NM2009菌株测定的遗传毒性远高于原始菌,说明这3个馏分中都含有芳香胺类或硝基芳烃类物质。     

A fast antibiotic detection method for simplified pretreatment through spectra-based machine learning

• A spectral machine learning approach is proposed for predicting mixed antibiotic. • Pretreatment is far simpler than traditional detection methods. • Performance of the model is compared in different influencing factors. • Spectral machine learning is promising in the detection of complex substances. Antibiotics are widely used in medicine and animal husbandry. However, due to the resistance of antibiotics to degradation, large amounts of antibiotics enter the environment, posing a potential risk to the ecosystem and public health. Therefore, the detection of antibiotics in the environment is necessary. Nevertheless, conventional detection methods usually involve complex pretreatment techniques and expensive instrumentation, which impose considerable time and economic costs. In this paper, we proposed a method for the fast detection of mixed antibiotics based on simplified pretreatment using spectral machine learning. With the help of a modified spectrometer, a large number of characteristic images were generated to map antibiotic information. The relationship between characteristic images and antibiotic concentrations was established by machine learning model. The coefficient of determination and root mean squared error were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the machine learning model. The results show that a well-trained machine learning model can accurately predict multiple antibiotic concentrations simultaneously with almost no pretreatment. The results from this study have some referential value for promoting the development of environmental detection technologies and digital environmental management strategies.     

铜绿微囊藻生长与铁氧化物吸附解吸磷的相互作用机制研究

本文研究铜绿微囊藻生长与铁氧化物吸附解吸磷的相互作用机制,旨在为富营养化池塘、水库调控和治理提供理论指导。采用化学方法合成铁氧化物并对其进行表征,研究铁氧化物对磷的吸附特性和铜绿微囊藻生长与铁氧化物吸附解吸磷的相互作用。结果表明铁氧化物的物相组成与自然界土壤和底泥中铁氧化物存在形态相似;铁氧化物对磷的吸附属于专性吸附,吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir方程。在含铁氧化物的BG11培养基中培养铜绿微囊藻,铁氧化物对磷的吸附导致培养液中总磷（TP）和水溶性磷（SWP）浓度降低,抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长。铜绿微囊藻在含吸附磷的铁氧化物而无磷的BG11培养基（4.02 < pH < 10.05）中能够正常生长,藻生长导致溶液pH升高是诱导铁氧化物解吸磷的主要因素,铜绿微囊藻光合作用释放的氧气可以抑制三价铁向二价铁的转化。针对铜绿微囊藻诱导铁氧化物释放磷并被其吸收的机制,要控制富营养化水体蓝藻爆发,除控制外源磷输入外,应该抑制底泥中铁磷释放,或通过藻细胞的收集和移除来降低底泥中铁氧化物的磷负荷。     

Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a...     

不确定性流域污染负荷优化分配模型及其应用

流域优化决策模型以最优化建模方法指导流域管理决策过程,然而流域系统的不确定性会导致决策存在一定风险.本研究通过建立区间参数机会约束线性规划(ICILP)模型来处理流域决策过程中的不确定性,并将该模型运用于太滆运河流域优化决策中,探讨在不同违反概率下系统最优解.结果表明,随着允许入湖量约束违反概率增加,系统对污染物削减量和削减成本有所降低.由于受到经济成本和削减量约束,系统优先减小环境代价较大、削减效率较低的工程项目规模.但受到最低处理率约束,违反概率增加到一定水平时各工程项目趋于定值.虽然较高的违反概率使系统成本降低,但也会导致削减效率降低,不利于流域保护.因此,在实际管理中应根据管理需求选择合适的削减方案以达到保护流域水质的目标.     

基于权重因子模型的建筑荷载作用下地面沉降危险性评价

针对于城市化进程中建筑荷载引发地面沉降的问题,以天津市局部地区为例,应用权重因子模型对其危险性进行了分析和评价。文中根据该区域的建筑物密集程度、建筑的结构和基础形式、土壤物理性质、水文地质条件等基础数据,应用GIS空间分析的方法分别提取了建筑容积率、土壤竖向应力、压缩层厚度、土壤压缩模量、地下水埋深、地下水渗透性六个诱发因子,经过条件独立性测试,将相互独立的因子组合成六种形式,然后,通过统计对比每个因子的权重值进行叠加分析,绘制了危险性分布图,从而进行地面沉降的危险性评价,最后,评价结果通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)验证,表明在使用全部因子进行危险性评价的情况下,分析精确度能够达到85.15%,在使用其他因子组合的情况下,分析精度均超过70%,说明这种评价方法具有较高的准确性和适用性。     

Biodegradation of 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate in river sediments and its impact on microbial communities

Numerous studies have evaluated the toxicity and endocrine disrupting properties of organic UV filters for aquatic organisms, but little is known about their biodegradation in river sediments and their impact on microorganisms. We have set up the sterile and microbiological systems in the laboratory, adding 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), one of organic UV filters included in the list of high yield chemicals, at concentrations of 2, 20 and 200 μg/L, and characterized the microbial community composition and diversity in sediments. Monitoring of EHMC degradation within 30 days revealed that the half-life in the microbial system (3.49 days) was much shorter than that in the sterile system (7.55 days). Two potential degradation products, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 3-methoxyphenol were identified in the microbial system. Furthermore, high-throughput 16s and 18s rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria dominated the sediment bacterial assemblages followed by Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae; Eukaryota_uncultured fungus dominated the sediment fungal assemblages. Correlation analysis demonstrated that two bacterium genera (Anaerolineaceae_uncultured and Burkholderiaceae_uncultured) were significantly correlated with the biodegradation of EHMC. These results illustrate the biodegradability of EHMC in river sediments and its potential impact on microbial communities, which can provide useful information for eliminating the pollution of organic UV filters in natural river systems and assessing their potential ecological risks.     

Identifying impact of international trade and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality improvement and their role in global warming

There is a lack of proper research that highlights the impact of institutional quality (IQ) and renewable energy consumption (REC) on the carbon emission (CE). The significance of IQ and REC in the achievement of zero CE is highlighted in this research. The current research reports the effects of these important factors on the consumption-based carbon emissions in the G-7 countries from 1995 to 2018. Based on the outcome of the cointegration test, the long-run connection is recognized between IQ, REC, GDP, exports, imports, and consumption-based CE. The findings also validated that there exist significant decrease and increase in the CE in both the short and long run; for instance, IQ, REC, and exports decrease the CE, while imports and GDP increase the CE. The estimates of causality test showed that policies aimed at improving IQ, REC, GDP, exports, and imports have a significant impact on the CE. Consequently, based on these results, policymakers in the G-7 must prioritize IQ and REC to enhance environmental quality and attain carbon neutrality.

     

海绵铁转化地下水中硝酸盐的试验研究

利用海绵铁的还原性及其表面疏松多孔的特性,研究其转化地下水中硝酸盐的各项性能.通过静态试验研究了海绵铁粒径、固液比以及共存离子对硝酸盐转化效果的影响,对转化产物和溶出的总铁量进行分析,并通过动态试验研究了接触时间和进水NO3- -N浓度对硝酸盐转化的影响.结果表明:在pH为2.5时,海绵铁的粒径越小,硝酸盐的转化率越高;在一定范围内,增加固液比,有利于硝酸盐的转化,试验最佳的固液比(以每毫升硝酸钾溶液中投加海绵铁的质量计,g/mL)为1.0:25.0;溶液中存在的Cl-和SO24-在一定程度上对硝酸盐的转化有抑制作用.产物分析表明,NH4+-N是硝酸盐转化的主要产物,转化产物中NO2--N浓度很低,同时有一部分气体产生.动态试验表明,在试验条件下,最佳的接触时间为7.7 min;增加进水NO3- -N浓度,硝酸盐的转化率降低.