Evaluation of municipal sewage treatment systems for pollutant removal efficiency by measuring levels of micropollutants

In order to evaluate the municipal sewage treatment systems used at Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant for their pollutant removal efficiency, raw sewage and effluent samples at different treatment stages from the sewage treatment systems were taken, priority pollutants (PPs) were identified and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrograph (ICP-AES). The test results indicated that there were one hundred and fifty species of organic pollutants identified in the raw sewage sample, and only ten species of PPs in all the sewage samples. The levels of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) in the sewage samples were 0.779-0.111 microg l(-1), 1.977-0.022 microg l(-1), 6.411-2.194 microg l(-1) and 7.152-2.953microg l(-1), respectively, and most of these phthalate esters (PAEs) were removed through anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) process; The levels of alachlor, acetochlor, atrazine were 0.074-0.021 microg l(-1), 0.160-0.096 microg l(-1) and 0.238-0.184 microg l(-1), respectively, and the total removal efficiency of atrazine was poorest through the sewage treatment systems. The levels of Cu, Cr, Se, Hg, Ni and Zn were 0.0030-0.2327 mg l(-1). It is therefore concluded from these results that the sewage treatment systems were efficient in removing most of the organic and inorganic compounds in this study, and so, the discharged effluent could cause little of the secondary pollution of the aquatic environment.     

出口角度对防烟空气幕防烟效果影响的数值模拟

利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS,以四川消防研究所高层实验塔二层为原型,模拟在不同防烟空气幕出口角度情况下高层建筑前室烟气运动情况,获得在其他条件不变情况下,空气幕运行时的最佳出口角度。试验结果表明:空气幕角度为5°及20°时,模拟试验后期烟气基本突破了空气幕蔓延至前室内,而当出口角度为10°和15°时防烟效果较好,且15°时防烟效果优于10°,故推荐空气幕运行时的最佳出口角度为15°。     

煤炭地下气化灰渣浸泡实验及Zn、Cd、Pb、As环境效应分析

为研究煤炭地下气化灰渣的环境效应,主要是对地下水的影响,以洛阳半焦煤为研究对象,进行煤炭地下气化的模型实验.取气化后的灰渣浸泡,测定浸出液中Zn、Cd、Pb和As4种元素的质量浓度.浸出液中Zn、Cd和As的质量浓度均低于地下水Ⅲ级标准.在饮用水允许的浓度范围内,不会对地下水造成多大污染;Pb的质量浓度在地下水Ⅴ类标准内,可能会对地下水造成一定污染.现场应考虑采取适当处理措施.4种元素的质量浓度均远低于浸出毒性鉴别标准值,因而不属于具有浸出毒性的危险废物.研究表明洛阳半焦煤地下气化灰渣中的Zn、Cd、Pb和As对环境的影响较小,不会对地下水产生多大影响.但在现场的工业试验中,由于长期的积累作用,也可能使元素的累积浓度超过地下水允许浓度,应定期监测.     

桑蚕氟污染事故的监测

针对桑蚕污染事故的特点和监测中存在的问题,阐述了现场调查,布点采样,分析测试及结果评价等环节的技术要点和注意事项,并就与之密切相关的几个问题展开了讨论,为桑蚕污染事故的监测节一定的参考依据。     

安徽省利辛县4.1级地震震中区烈度考察

1999年 1 2月 30日 0 7时 1 7分在安徽省利辛县张村镇发生M 4 1地震 ,其宏观震中为 33°2 0′N ,1 1 6°0 2′E ,震中区为一长半轴近 1 0km ,短半轴约 6 5km的近北西西向椭圆 ,面积约 2 0 0km2 ,震中区烈度为Ⅴ度。本文记录了本次地震震中区的地震烈度并对考察结果作简要分析     

TEOM法与实验室称重法监测大气中TSP的对比研究

用数理统计的方法计算出TEOM法与称重法监测结果的偏差,用F检验法检验TEOM法与称重法监测结果之间的致性,用r检测法检验TEOM法与称重法监测结果之间的相关性,用t检验法检验TEOM法与称重法监测结果之间的差异,通过对比研究,找出TEOM法与称重法之间的相互关系和规律。     

推行清洁生产 预防工业污染

推行清洁生产是环境保护政策政策的发展趋势,是协调经济发展与环境保护的重要对策。文章综述了末端治理存在的种种弊端,提出了实现清洁生产的主要途径。     

环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析

依据《气体分析校准气体混合物的制备重量法》（1SO6142—2001）和《气体分析气体标准样品组成的测定和校验比较法》（ISO6143—2001）,阐述了环境气体标准样品不同定值方法的量值计算及不确定度来源,并比较了同一气体标准样品采用不同定值方法得到的不同量值结果及不确定度：     

Application of CMB model for source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal surface sediments from Rizhao offshore area, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal surface sediments from Rizhao offshore area were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A chemical mass balance (CMB) model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CMB8.2, was used to apportion sources of PAHs. Seven possible sources, including coal residential, coal power plant, diesel engines exhaust, gasoline engines exhaust, coke oven, diesel oil leaks, and wood burning, were chosen as the major contributors for PAHs in coastal surface sediments. To establish the fingerprints of the seven sources, source profiles were collected from literatures. After including degradation factors, the modified model results indicate that diesel oil leaks, diesel engines exhaust, and coal burning were the three major sources of PAHs. The source contributions estimated by the EPA’s CMB8.2 model were 9.25%, 15.05%, and 75.70% for diesel oil leaks, diesel engines exhaust, and coal burning, respectively.