Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of N and P removal under different influent organic carbon concentration in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with simple anaerobic/aerobic operating mode. Experimental results indicated that, under the operating condition of influent N concentration of 89 mg/L and P concentration of 15 mg/L, when the influent C/N ratio increased from 1.5 to 6.9 (influent C/P ratio from 9 to 41), total N and P removal efficiency improved from 50% and 46% to 78% and 96% respectively. Track studies of N, P and other operating parameters demonstrated that N removal of the SBR was realized through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the aeration phase and anoxic denitrificaiton in the filling phase, P removal was accomplished through conventional anaerobic P release and aerobic P taken-up process. Keeping dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration during the first two aeration hours as low as 0.1-0.6 mg/L is essential for the simultaneous occurrences of nitrification, denitrification and P-taken up.     

立式加热炉节能减排可行性研究

大庆油田原稳装置采用立式加热炉,烟气中存在大量的废热。在现有装置运行中,烟气直接排放,浪费了大量的热量。通过在实验装置中可回收废热资源及废热回收技术研究,采用热管技术回收烟气废热,用于预热空气,不仅会节能降耗,给企业创造可观的经济效益,还会减少大气污染,创造良好的社会效益。     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

植物修复在水环境生态修复中的应用

介绍了平原河网水资源现状及问题成因,对植物修复在水环境生态修复中的应用作了详细的论述,分析了其存在的问题,展望了植物修复应用的发展方向。     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

新疆阿尔泰区域矿产特征与古老基底的关系探讨

新疆阿尔泰地区矿产存在着明显的东西差异，究共原因是阿尔泰处于三大板块的会聚部位．不同的基底性质有所不同。该地区前寒武系基底主要由元古代克木齐群和富蕴群岩石组成，克木齐群属中下元古代，主要分布于阿尔泰西部和南部．富蕴群属中上元古代．主要分布于阿尔泰东部、东北部。岩石学和岩石化学特征表明，克木齐群更多具有上地幔和下地壳的成分．富蕴群则具有上地壳的成分；稀土元素分配特征和铅同位素特征表明东西部矿床和各自的基底关系密切，后者的差异导致了新疆阿尔泰地区矿产特征的差异。     

陕南水镁石纤维的环境安全性评估

纤维水镁石在动物体内有一定的生物活性,但在人群流行性病学结果上显示的一系列信息如接尘工人只出现低的尘肺患病率,没有矽肺病和Ⅲ期尘肺患者。溶解性试验结果表明：水镁石纤维粉尘极易溶解在有机无机强弱酸、混合酸、有机无机铵盐、缓冲溶液中,也可部分溶于水中,导致其在体内滞留时间短且易于清除。说明水镁石纤维是安全的纤维材料且没有致瘤协同作用,由于矿物的表面/界面特征是除纤维特性以外控制纤维生物活性和危害性的关键因素之一,提出了矿物粉尘环境安全评价分类体系应突破矿物种的局限而深入到表面/界面的水平。     

La对Cd伤害大豆幼苗的生态生理作用

以盆载法研究了Cd对大豆幼苗的伤害及La对Cd伤害的缓解效应。结果表明,500mg/L CdCl₂严重抑制大豆幼苗的代谢与生长,叶面喷布30mg/LLaCl³一次,能缓解Cd毒造成的伤害。实验证明,这与La能增加大豆幼苗光合速率,提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性、降低细胞质膜透性与植株体内Cd含量、维持TTC还原力等多重作用相关。     

模拟酸露对植物影响的实验

模拟酸露对植物影响的实验结果表明，用酸露处理后，蚕豆的生理指标发生一定的变化，尤以ｐＨ１３．０时的变化较明显，显示了模拟酸露对植物的伤害作用。     

蚯蚓与污水土地处理试验研究

本研究将蚯蚓－－土壤床作为污水处理的一种试验装置。试验对蚯蚓的耐水能力，蚯蚓负荷、污水浓度以及渗滤速度等因素对污水处理效果的影响了初步研究，结果表明：采用合理的间歇运行引养殖污水土地处理是可行的，系统的去除率随渗滤速度的增加而降低；蚯蚓的存在能提高土壤对氮的吸附能力，提高污水处理脱氧效果。