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161.
Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies. 相似文献
162.
Min-Yuan Cheng Yi-Hsu Ju Yu-Wei Wu Sylviana Sutanto 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(15):1599-1607
Nowadays, biodiesel is used as one of the alternative renewable energy due to the increasing energy demand. However, optimum production of biodiesel still requires a huge number of expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests. To address the problem, this research develops a novel Genetic Algorithm-based Evolutionary Support Vector Machine (GA-ESIM). The GA-ESIM is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tool that combines K-means Chaotic Genetic Algorithm (KCGA) and Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Inference Model (ESIM). The ESIM is utilized as a supervised learning technique to establish a highly accurate prediction model between the input--output of biodiesel mixture properties; and the KCGA is used to perform the simulation to obtain the optimum mixture properties based on the prediction model. A real biodiesel experimental data is provided to validate the GA-ESIM performance. Our simulation results demonstrate that the GA-ESIM establishes a prediction model with better accuracy than other AI-based tool and thus obtains the mixture properties with the biodiesel yield of 99.9%, higher than the best experimental data record, 97.4%. 相似文献
163.
As one of China’s great metropolises, Taiyuan is affected by heavy chemical industry and manufacture of chemical products, and faces pollution from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the PCB concentrations in various environmental media in Taiyuan. We collected 15 soil samples, 34 respirable particulate matter (PM) samples (17 of PM2.5 and 17 of PM10) from urban areas of Taiyuan, and measured a total of 144 PCB congeners (including some coeluting PCB congeners). The total PCB concentrations were 51–4.7 × 103 pg g−1 in soil, 27–1.4 × 102 pg m−3 in PM2.5 and 16–1.9 × 102 pg m−3 in PM10. Of the PCB homologues, the dominant PCBs detected in the various media were all tri-CBs. Soil was relatively the most polluted media. Furthermore, principal-component analysis revealed that the major PCB source in Taiyuan may be associated with the main commercial PCB through long-range transmission. Toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations (based on ten dioxin-like PCBs) ranged from N.D. to 5.9 × 10−3 pg-WHO TEQ g−1 in soil, 2.0 × 10−4–3.4 × 10−3 pg-WHO TEQ m−3 and 1.0 × 10−4–1.2 × 10−3 pg-WHO TEQ m−3 in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. In previous studies, PCBs were not a severe component of contaminant in Taiyuan; however, this study suggested there is a potential threat of human exposure to PCBs for residents of Taiyuan. 相似文献
164.
165.
Irene Cheng Julia Lu Xinjie Song 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(39):6145-6158
This study identified sources of mercury (Hg) in downtown Toronto, Canada by analyzing gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), mercury associated with particles with sizes less than 2.5 microns (PHg < 2.5), and gaseous oxidized inorganic mercury (GOIM), commonly referred to as reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and air pollutants (CO, NOx, O3, PM2.5, SO2) concentrations between Dec 2003 and Nov 2004. The data were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), ratio analysis, back trajectories, and correlation analyses. The analyses suggest industrial sources (chemical production, metal production, sewage treatment), rather than coal combustion, were the major contributors to measured Hg levels. Overlap in source profiles for the Hg sources listed in the Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) and lack of source profiles for urban sources were the major limitations to positively identifying sources from the PMF and PCA factors. Correlation analyses revealed direct emissions were the sources of GOIM in spring, summer, and fall, and the occurrence of GEM oxidation by ozone in the summer. Elevated Hg events are attributed to emissions from urban sources near the sampling site, regional point sources, and photochemical processes involving ozone. 相似文献
166.
用2%海藻酸钠与1%明胶混合作为包埋剂固定啤酒废酵母,研究固定化啤酒废酵母对Cr(Ⅳ)的吸附特性.结果表明,固定化啤酒废酵母吸附Cr(Ⅵ)受吸附时间、起始pH、固定化菌体浓度、cr(Ⅵ)起始浓度及共存离子等因素的影响.确定固定化啤酒废酵母对Cr(Ⅵ)最佳吸附条件为:pH 2,Cr(Ⅵ)起始浓度100 mg/L,固定化菌体浓度2 g/L,吸附90 min.此条件下Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率可达96.8%.Pd2+等并存离子可抑制固定化啤酒废酵母对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附.用1 mol/L盐酸洗脱固定化啤酒废酵母所吸附的Cr(Ⅵ)3 h,解吸率为93.6%. 相似文献
167.
壳聚糖复合絮凝剂处理造纸废水的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究并考察了壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对造纸污水中COD和SS的絮凝效果,结果表明,当复合絮凝剂的配方和处理条件为:聚合硫酸铁(PFS)60 mg/L聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)2 mg/L壳聚糖(CTS)0.4 mg/L,pH为7.5时,其絮凝效果最佳,此时它对水中COD与SS的去除率分别达到57.4%和97.6%, 与传统絮凝剂PAC/PAM相比,COD与SS的去除率分别提高了10.1%和5.2%,药剂成本下降了21.1%,具有明显的经济效益与环境效益。 相似文献
168.
169.
工业企业厂界环境噪声监测中背景噪声监测及修正探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对测量结果修正的相关要求,本文对新颁布的《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》(GB12348-2008)和旧标准《工业企业厂界噪声测量方法》(GB/T12349-1990)在实际工作中的运用进行了比对、分析和探讨,并根据实际工作经验,提出了在背景噪声难以测量的一些特殊情况下的几种解决途径,主要提出噪声源声值与背景声值相差小于3dB(A)时的解决方案。 相似文献
170.
微波无极紫外光催化-内电解协同降解活性艳红X-3B 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
采用微波无极紫外光源,以活性炭作为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理活性艳红X-3B模拟废水.实验结果表明,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法对活性艳红X-3B的降解速率是微波无极紫外光催化和微波-内电解法单独作用时降解速率之和的2倍.在活性艳红X-3B模拟废水初始pH为7、空气曝气量为0.50 L/min、铁屑加入量为5 g/L、反应温度为40~45℃的最佳条件下,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法的活性艳红X-3B模拟废水色度去除率达100%,TOC和可吸附有机卤化物的去除率分别为69.5%和81.8%. 相似文献