Photodegradation of methylmercury in Jialing River of Chongqing, China

Photodegradation(PD) of methylmercury(MMHg) is a key process of mercury(Hg) cycling i water systems, maintaining MMHg at a low level in water systems. However, we posses little knowledge of this important process in the Jialing River of Chongqing, China. In sit incubation experiments were thus performed to measure temporal patterns and influencin factors of MMHg PD in this river. The results showed that MMHg underwent a ne demethylation process under solar radiation in the water column, which predominantl occurred in surface waters. For surface water, the highest PD rate constants were observed i spring(12 × 10-3± 1.5 × 10~(-3)m~2/E), followed by summer(9.0 × 10~(-3)± 1.2 × 10~(-3)m~2/E), autum(1.4 × 10~(-3)± 0.12 × 10~(-3)m~2/E), and winter(0.78 × 10~(-3)± 0.11 × 10~(-3)m~2/E). UV-A radiatio(320–400 nm), UV-B radiation(280–320 nm), and photosynthetically active radiation(PAR400–700 nm) accounted for 43%–64%, 14%–31%, and 16%–45% of MMHg PD, respectively. PD rat constants varied substantially with the treatments that filtered the river water and amended with chemicals(i.e., Cl-, NO_3~-, dissolved organic matter(DOM), Fe(III)), which reveals tha suspended particulate matter and water components are important factors in affecting the PD process. For the entire water column, the PD rate constant determined for each wavelengt range decreased rapidly with water depth. UV-A, UV-B, and PAR contributed 27%–46%, 6.2%12%, and 42%–65% to the PD process, respectively. PD flux was estimated to be 4.7 μg/(m~2·yea in the study site. Our results are very important to understand the cycling characteristics o MMHg in the Jialing River of Chongqing, China.     

宜昌市水环境质量红线划分与空间管控研究

在宜昌市水环境质量红线划分中,对饮用水源保护区划分、水环境功能区划分和流域控制单元划分给予评估,分析在城市水环境质量红线划分上的可取之处,在自然社会综合系统框架下创造性的提出了适应宜昌城市环境总体规划中水环境质量红线划分的原则、技术方法和分级管控措施,提出的原则与适宜的管控措施为宜昌市水环境质量改善、环境公共服务实现与生态城市建设提供了支持,丰富并实践了生态保护红线体系.     

滩海陆岸设施HAZOP分析的应用研究

介绍了将HAZOP(危险及可操作性分析)应用于滩海陆岸设施的研究,对滩海陆岸设施开展HAZOP分析普遍存在问题和适用性进行了探讨。     

基于物联网技术的环保能力建设研究

环保能力建设是环境规划的重要组成部分。物联网作为信息技术的深度拓展应用,在国家和山西省的环境保护“十二五”规划中都提出要推进物联网技术在环保领域的应用,加强环保监管能力建设。本文研究分析了山西省环保监管能力建设现状与需求,围绕环保物联网的三层技术架构和三条业务主线构建了山西省环保物联网建设的总体框架,实现了三个方面的环境管理创新。环保物联网建设对于进一步推动我省环保能力建设向科学化、精细化和智能化转变,实现“十二五”乃至“十三五”环境规划战略目标具有重要意义。     

大伙房水库生态环境问题及保护对策研究

大伙房水库是全国九大城市重点饮用水源地之一,是辽宁省最大的城市水源地,供水人口达2 300万人,占辽宁省人口总数的52％.通过对大伙房水库的环境现状进行了实地调查,分析了大伙房水库主要环境问题,提出农业种植引起的面源污染较重和农村环境治理设施滞后以及矿山开采导致生态环境破坏是其主要原因.为了使大伙房水库能够更加安全、有效的发挥供水作用,保障供水安全,在调研的基础上提出了大伙房水库保护与可持续利用的对策与意见.     

中国地表水环境质量标准监测体系现状研究及完善建议

中国地表水环境质量标准监测体系历经30余年,已初步形成一套基本成熟的地表水环境质量监测体系,但随着环境保护工作的不断推进和监测技术的进步,监测体系的诸多问题也凸显.结合中国《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）,对中国地表水水质的监测方法、技术、指标等方面进行了系统的归纳与分析,提出了相应的建议,即规范项目参数的描述、筛选优化控制项目、建立多层次、实用的控制指标监测方法体系、完善控制项目QC指标体系、制订专门地表水监测技术规范.     

Detection and Characterization of Avastrovirus Associated with Diarrhea Isolated from Minks in China

Astroviruses are becoming a growing concern in veterinary and public health. Many astrovirus species are associated with enteric diseases have been described in both mammalian and avian hosts. In the present study, 23 fecal samples from diarrheic minks were collected in Liaoning and Shandong Province, and an investigation of astrovirus was performed using biochemical methods and RT-PCR assay with specific primers. A total of four mink astroviral isolates were detected from sick minks with diarrhea problems. Further sequencing and characterization of the partial ORF1b gene and ORF2 gene segments revealed low sequence identities (20.0–85.3 and 31.8–87.2 %) with known astroviral strains, indicating the emergence of a novel clade of astroviruses. Some new features of the astroviral genome have also been discovered. The phylogenetic tree revealed that all samples were distantly related to mink astrovirus and were closely related to chicken astroviruses and turkey astroviruses. MK/DL-1, MK/DL-2, MK/SD-1, and MK/SD-2 formed a new clade and were found to be more closely related to astroviruses from birds than to other mink strains, indicating past cross-species transmission and considerable zoonotic potential.     

2011年春季沙尘天气影响下上海大气颗粒物及其化学组分的变化特征

于2011年4月28日~5月18日对上海大气中颗粒物的质量浓度及细粒子中的化学组分进行了连续观测,获得了上海受春季沙尘天气影响下大气颗粒物质量浓度和主要化学组分特征.结果表明,沙尘天气中PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度显著高于非沙尘天,最高日均浓度分别达到787.2μg·m-3和139.5μg·m-3,PM2.5/PM10的均值为(32.9±14.6)%(15.6%~85.1%);总水溶性无机离子(TWSⅡ)占PM2.5的质量分数为(27.2±19.2)%(4.8%~80.8%),二次组分SNA(SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4)占TWSⅡ的(76.9±13.9)%(41.9%~94.2%),TWSⅡ和SNA对PM2.5的贡献均小于非沙尘天,而Ca2+的含量比却有明显上升.非沙尘天测得的OC/EC值高于强沙尘天,但低于弱沙尘天.此外分析还得到,沙尘中的高矿尘粒子具有酸性缓冲作用,使得沙尘天颗粒的碱性强于沙尘发生前.非沙尘天SO2-4、NO-3主要以NH4HSO4、(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的形式存在,沙尘天还会与其他矿物离子结合.     

三峡库区消落带3种植物淹水后汞的动态变化及其对水体的影响

被淹没的植物是水库甲基汞异常升高的来源之一.为探寻淹水条件下三峡水库消落带植物中汞的动态变化特征及其对水体的影响,通过室内模拟试验,研究淹水条件下稗草、狗牙根、玉米秸秆中汞含量变化及其向水体释汞情况.结果表明,3种植物总汞含量范围为9.21~12.07 ng·g-1,甲基汞占总汞的质量分数约为1%~2%.淹水后,植物总汞含量逐渐降低,其降幅为35.81%~55.96%;而上覆水溶解态汞(DHg)浓度迅速上升,增幅为103.23%~232.15%,说明植物腐烂分解会向水体释放汞.淹水环境为植物体组织内甲基化提供了充裕条件,导致植物残体甲基汞含量升高,为初始含量的3.04~6.63倍,而上覆水溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)浓度也显著升高,为初始浓度的14.84~16.05倍.淹水期间,上覆水中DMe Hg与溶解氧(DO)浓度表现为极显著负相关,与可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度存在显著正相关.而在整个淹水过程中,上覆水DHg浓度变化量为植物总汞释放量的41.74%~47.01%,且各植物残体总汞含量与上覆水DHg浓度存在极显著负相关.     

Photoassisted Fenton degradation of phthalocyanine dyes from wastewater of printing industry using Fe(Ⅱ)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in up-flow fluidized-bed

Fe(II)/γ-Al2O3 powders synthesized using the dipping method were produced from a mixed aqueous solution containing aluminium oxide(γ-Al2O3) and iron(II)-precursor(FeSO4), and used for photoFenton degradation of phthalocyanine dyes(PCS) under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation in an up-flow fluidized bed. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, ESCA, BET, EDS and SEM. The results showed that Fe2+ion was compounded on the γ-Al2O3 carrier. The effects of different reaction parameters such as catalyst activity, dosage and solution pH on the decolorization of PCS were assessed. Results indicated that maximum decolorization(more than 95%) of PCS occurred with20 wt% Fe(II)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst(dosage of 60 g/L) using a combination of UV irradiation and heterogeneous Fenton system. The degradation efficiency of PCSincreases as pH decreases, exhibiting a maximum efficiency at pH 3.5. The recycled catalyst was capable of repeating three runs without a significant decrease in treatment efficiency, and this demonstrated the stability and reusability of catalyst.