Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development in complex terrain

Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas H₂S blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of H₂S, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the H₂S diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the H₂S distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the H₂S diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal.     

开都河灌区灌溉引水对博斯腾湖面积影响的定量分析

开都河是注入博斯腾湖的最大河流,1958～2002年间平均入湖水量达23.62×10⁸m³,占博斯腾湖总补给量的80%以上。1958年以来开都河灌区灌溉引水量维持在8.17×10⁸m³～13.18×10⁸m³之间,其中20世纪60年代灌溉引水量平均为10.14×10⁸m³/a,占开都河径流量的31.1%;70年代引水量上升到12.15×10⁸m³/a,为开都河径流量的36.5%;80年代引水量下降到11.29×10⁸m³/a,但引水量仍占开都河径流量的36.5%;90年代灌溉引水量进一步降至9.85×10⁸m³/a,仅占径流量的27.1%。通过水量平衡分析和相关回归计算,得出开都河灌区灌溉引水对博斯腾湖面积影响的数值:20世纪60年代平均值为62.4km²;70年代平均值为80.8km²;80年代、90年代分别为90.4km²、76.7km²,2000年以来平均仅为41.3km²。由此可见,45年来开都河灌区灌溉引水对博斯腾湖面积的影响经历了弱→强→弱的变化过程。     

改性半焦脱除烟气中SO2的研究

对内蒙工业副产褐煤半焦（比表面积49.187m^2／g,孔容0.0351cm^2／g）,采用加压水热化学活化法,HNO3活化法和高温煅烧相结合的方法制备出半焦烟气脱硫剂,并对脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行固定床活性评价。分析表明,其脱硫效果比较好,转化率维持在50％以上的累计硫容可达24．30％,脱硫时间长达35h,远远高于原料半焦的脱硫效果（硫容为0．68％,时间为1．5h）;同时采用水洗法对脱硫剂进行再生,其再生液可用来制备浓度为9.01％的稀硫酸。     

添加乙醇碳源对驯化菌种降解油制气废水的影响

进行了添加乙醇作为碳源强化油制气废水生物降解的研究,并利用GC／MS分析对油制气废水中芳烃类化合物的降解进行了初步研究。研究表明,共代谢基质乙醇的加入,可使菌种S-2、Y-3、XH-3、M-3对COD、氨氮、可萃取有机物等指标的去除率分别提高17．6％～25．6％、34．9％～42．8％、10．4％～14．2％;但在所采用的时间范围内,酚类化合物的去除率降低;芳烃类化合物的去除率提高15．4％～21．2％。除了维持无共代谢条件下对芳环数≤3的芳烃类化合物的良好降解能力外,对芳环数为4～6的化合物降解能力也有所提高。     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解双酚A的研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜.以该薄膜为催化剂,研究了在H2O2存在的条件下,对内分泌干扰物质双酚A的光催化降解反应.分别讨论了pH值、H2O2的加入量、双酚A的初始浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响.结果表明,在pH=4,30 mg/L的H2O2中对初始浓度为50 mg/L的双酚A溶液光照180 min有较好的降解效果.     

Three-dimensional simulation of reservoir temperature and pollutant transport by the lattice Boltzmann method

Predicting the three-dimensional (3D) transport processes of reservoir temperature and pollutants is essential for water environmental protection and restoration, and introducing the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method into this prediction is necessary because of its simple algorithm, straightforward implementation of boundary conditions, and high computation efficiency. In this paper, a triple-distribution function (TDF) LB model for flow-temperature-concentration coupling simulations is introduced. Some essential techniques for implementing this method in 3D reservoirs are also described, including the treatment of water surface fluctuation, the consideration of surface heat exchange, and the hardware acceleration using the graphics processing unit (GPU). Two cases verified the proposed model, and then, the temporal-spatial variations of flow, temperature, and pollutants in the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station during both pumping and generating modes were analyzed to demonstrate its applicability. In the reservoir, the water forms several circulations, the cold water from the inlet flows as an undercurrent firstly, and then spread laterally, and the spreading of pollutants directly relates to the flow velocity. The results of flow, temperature, and concentration fields in different working conditions are consistent with model tests and physical laws, which shows good prospects of the proposed LB model.

     

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of bioaerosols in a wastewater treatment plant by using two aeration modes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nonnegligible emission of bioaerosols usually occurs during aeration of wastewater in aerator tanks in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Literature...