深圳秋季大气有机气溶胶来源与挥发性研究

使用热扩散管与长飞行时间气溶胶质谱联用系统对2020年深圳市秋季亚微米级气溶胶进行在线测量,获取和分析了气溶胶的化学组成及挥发性特征,并利用正矩阵因子分析法（PMF）对有机气溶胶进行了来源解析.结果显示：观测期间,气溶胶平均质量浓度为（28.3±11.1）μg/m³（9.5~76.8μg/m³）,其中,有机物占比最高,为57.9%,其次为硫酸盐（24.7%）.PMF对有机气溶胶解析结果得到四类源,分别为烃类有机气溶胶（HOA）、餐饮源有关的有机气溶胶（COA）、低氧化性的氧化有机气溶胶（LO-OOA）和高氧化性的氧化有机气溶胶（MO-OOA）.HOA、COA、LO-OOA和MO-OOA平均分别占到总有机物的9.1%、27.2%、31.8%和31.9%.进一步采用NO⁺/NO₂⁺比值法和PMF方法估算有机硝酸酯（ON）浓度,两种方法估算结果相关性良好,ON的平均浓度为0.17~0.25μg/m³,占总有机气溶胶质量的1.5%~9.7%,说明其对深圳大气气溶胶贡献显著.ON与各有机气溶胶因子的相关性比对发现,其与LO-OOA相关性最高（R=0.80）,说明其可能来源于新鲜的二次生成反应.挥发性研究结果得出,深圳市气溶胶主要化学组分挥发性顺序为氯盐≈无机硝酸盐 > 铵盐 > 有机物 > 有机硝酸酯 > 硫酸盐,对于有机气溶胶因子,其挥发性排序为LO-OOA > HOA > COA > MO-OOA,除了LO-OOA,其余因子挥发性与其氧化态排序一致,而LO-OOA从50~70℃组分下降最多,说明其所含组分挥发性差异最为明显.     

Isolation and characterization of a strain with high microbial attachment in aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granule is a special microbial aggregate associated with biofilm structure. The formation of aerobic granular sludge is primarily depending on its bacterial community and relevant microbiological properties. In this experiment, a strain with high microbial attachment was isolated from aerobic granular sludge, and the detailed characteristics were examined. Its high attachment ability could reach 2.34 (OD_600nm), while other low attachment values were only around 0.06-0.32, which indicated a big variation among the different bacteria. The strain exhibited a very special morphology with many fibric fingers under SEM observation. A distinctive behaviour was to form a spherical particle by themselves, which would be very beneficial for the formation and development of granular sludge. The EPS measurement showed that its PN content was higher than low attachment bacteria, and 3D-EEM confirmed that there were some different components. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis, it was identified to mostly belong to Stenotrophomonas. Its augmentation to particle sludge cultivation demonstrated that the strain could significantly promote the formation of aerobic granule. Conclusively, it was strongly suggested that it might be used as a good and potential model strain or chassis organism for the aerobic granular sludge formation and development.     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Investigation of indole biodegradation by Cupriavidus sp. strain IDO with emphases on downstream biotransformation and indigo production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indole, as a typical N-heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, poses risks to living things; however, indole-biotransformation mechanisms remain...     

Assessing economic sustainability and ecological efficiency with genuine progress indicator: a case study of the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2018

To achieve urban sustainability, it is critical to enhance the environment, economy, and society simultaneously. This study adopted the revised genuine progress indicator (GPI) and ecological footprint (EF) to evaluate the ecological efficiency and economic sustainability of the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2018. Spatial analysis was utilized to identify spatial autocorrelation. A total of 27 cities were then partitioned through k-means cluster analysis. The results showed that GPI and ecological efficiency improved rapidly, but economic sustainability showed a downward trend. GPI and GDP had a high degree of spatial correlation, especially in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Area. However, no spatial correlation existed between GPI and EF. The city with high GEE can reach 3000 $/gha, indicating the city consumed 1 global hectare to create $3000 of genuine economic growth. Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Taizhou were cities with the highest level of economic sustainability and ecological efficiency. The spatiotemporal characteristics of economic sustainability and ecological efficiency revealed in this study will provide theoretical guidance for alleviating ecological pressure and promoting economic sustainable development.

     

Removal performance and mechanisms of Pb(II) and Sb(V) from water by iron-doped phosphogypsum: single and coexisting systems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The serious environmental risks caused by Pb(II) and Sb(V) co-contamination increase the need for their efficient and simultaneous removal. In this...     

四川沐川—马边（1994—12—30）5.5级地震山地灾害类型研究

地震诱发的次生山地灾害类型包括：崩塌、滚石、滑坡和重力地裂缝。其规模为中、小型，但类型较多，分布密集，造成不同程度危害。按照危险性区划，震区可划分为高、中、低三种山地灾害危险度区域。各区域面积为：ＵＤ＝９．４ｋｍ＾２；ＭＤ＝２５．９ｋｍ＾２；ＬＤ＝４０．４ｋｍ＾２。斜坡可分为梯状破坏模型：①Ｒｃ崩塌、滚石阶梯；②Ｌｄ滑坡阶梯；③Ｇｆ重力地裂缝阶梯。     

城市污水处理计算机控制系统的应用研究

本文通过对污水处理行业所采取的计算机控制系统进行比较分析 ,得出结论 :采用基于现场总线的PC +PLC分级分布式控制形式 ,能够使系统具有很高的性能 /价格比。同时 ,将此结构进行拓展 ,成功应用于我国第一座自主开发的城市污水处理厂———沈阳南部污水处理示范厂。在系统中采用就地操作BIU +MFP(基本接口单元 +微现场处理单元 )与主PLC相结合的控制结构 ,通过GeniusBus(现场总线 )技术实现通讯处理 ,达到节约投资、提高系统安全性的目的     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

目前排污收费工作中存在问题的分析及对策探讨

结合实际工作，在分析当前收费工作中存在问题的基础上，提出解决问题的对策及办法。