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81.
Prashant?HegdeEmail author Kimitaka?Kawamura H.?Joshi M.?Naja 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(7):6102-6118
The aerosol samples were collected from a high elevation mountain site, Nainital, in India (1958 m asl) during September 2006 to June 2007 and were analyzed for water-soluble inorganic species, total carbon, nitrogen, and their isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N, respectively). The chemical and isotopic composition of aerosols revealed significant anthropogenic influence over this remote free-troposphere site. The amount of total carbon and nitrogen and their isotopic composition suggest a considerable contribution of biomass burning to the aerosols during winter. On the other hand, fossil fuel combustion sources are found to be dominant during summer. The carbon aerosol in winter is characterized by greater isotope ratios (av. ?24.0?‰), mostly originated from biomass burning of C4 plants. On the contrary, the aerosols in summer showed smaller δ13C values (?26.0?‰), indicating that they are originated from vascular plants (mostly of C3 plants). The secondary ions (i.e., SO4 2?, NH4 +, and NO3 ?) were abundant due to the atmospheric reactions during long-range transport in both seasons. The water-soluble organic and inorganic compositions revealed that they are aged in winter but comparatively fresh in summer. This study validates that the pollutants generated from far distant sources could reach high altitudes over the Himalayan region under favorable meteorological conditions. 相似文献
82.
Shrestha RA Lama B Joshi J Sillanpää M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):303-307
Goal, scope, and background Arsenic contamination in groundwater creates severe health problems in the world. There are many physiochemical and biological
methods available for remediation of arsenic from groundwater. Among them, microbial remediation could be taken as one of
the least expensive methods, though it takes longer treatment time. The main objective of this research was to study the improvement
on remediation by addition of some essential ion salts such as Mn and Fe.
Materials and methods
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli were taken as model microbes from Dhulikhel, 30 km east from Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results and discussion Microbes used in this study showed different abilities in their removal of As(III) with and without addition of Mn and Fe
salts. The trend of remediation increased with time. S. aureus was found to be the best among the microbes used. It showed almost 100% removal after 48-h culture, both with and without
Fe and Mn salts. Rate of removal of As increased with addition of Fe and Mn for all microbes. Removal efficiency was found
to increase by about 32% on average after addition of salts in 24-h cultures of S. aureus. 相似文献
83.
Pal Swades Mahato Susanta Giri Biplab Pandey Deep Narayan Joshi Pawan Kumar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):15986-16014
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Recorded seasonal variation and uneven distribution of rainfall is one of the major issues to the agrarian society and the domestic water users today.... 相似文献
84.
85.
Poorva Joshi Neelesh Dahanukar Shankar Bharade Vijay Dethe Smita Dethe Neha Bhandare Milind Watve 《Conservation biology》2021,35(6):1923-1931
Conflict caused by wild herbivores damaging crops is an almost universal problem in conservation. We designed and implemented a game-theory-based system for supporting farmers whose crops were being heavily damaged by wild herbivores. In this community-operated system, farmers self-report their production, which is endorsed by neighboring farmers. The average deficit in production is compensated for by a payment that is directly proportional to the average deficit in production of the group and to the individual farmer's productivity. As a result, farmers are compensated for the average damage (support) and rewarded for individual productivity (reward) (i.e., support cum reward [SuR]). The design of the game is such that only honest reporting gives maximum returns. Farmers who underreport receive less payment because the SuR amount is proportionate to their self-reported productivity. The endorsing farmers, in their own self-interest, prevent overreporting. The system involves multiple game situations, the combined result of which is a stable strategy based on honesty and hard work. In 2 villages along the western boundary of Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve in central India, we tested the system with 75 farmers over 6 crop seasons. After a few initial attempts to cheat, honesty prevailed throughout the group. Average crop productivity increased 2.5-fold, in spite of damage, owing to increased effort by farmers. Apart from wildlife conflict resolution, the model offers a promising alternative to crop insurance and a potential behavioral green revolution in agriculture. 相似文献
86.
87.
The present study was designed to evaluate the possible adverse effects of acephate, an organophosphate insecticide, on hematological parameters in male albino rats. Acephate was administered orally to rats at either 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg bwt/day for 30 days. Data showed a significant decrease in total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value; however, an increase in total leukocyte count was noted. The levels of blood sugar and blood urea were significantly elevated when administered by acephate. There were no significant changes in mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration for all doses. Thus, obtained results collectively revealed that acephate administration produced significant alterations in hematological parameters in dose-dependent manner. 相似文献
88.
89.
Diaz-Loya EI Allouche EN Eklund S Joshi AR Kupwade-Patil K 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(8):1521-1527
Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is a common and effective practice to reduce the volume of solid waste in urban areas. However, the byproduct of this process is a fly ash (IFA), which contains large quantities of toxic contaminants. The purpose of this research study was to analyze the chemical, physical and mechanical behaviors resulting from the gradual introduction of IFA to an alkaline activated coal fly ash (CFA) matrix, as a mean of stabilizing the incinerator ash for use in industrial construction applications, where human exposure potential is limited. IFA and CFA were analyzed via X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Inductive coupled plasma (ICP) to obtain a full chemical analysis of the samples, its crystallographic characteristics and a detailed count of the eight heavy metals contemplated in US Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR). The particle size distribution of IFA and CFA was also recorded. EPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was followed to monitor the leachability of the contaminants before and after the activation. Also images obtained via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), before and after the activation, are presented. Concrete made from IFA, CFA and IFA-CFA mixes was subjected to a full mechanical characterization; tests include compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and setting time. The leachable heavy metal contents (except for Se) were below the maximum allowable limits and in many cases even below the reporting limit. The leachable Chromium was reduced from 0.153 down to 0.0045 mg/L, Arsenic from 0.256 down to 0.132 mg/L, Selenium from 1.05 down to 0.29 mg/L, Silver from 0.011 down to .001 mg/L, Barium from 2.06 down to 0.314 mg/L and Mercury from 0.007 down to 0.001 mg/L. Although the leachable Cd exhibited an increase from 0.49 up to 0.805 mg/L and Pd from 0.002 up to 0.029 mg/L, these were well below the maximum limits of 1.00 and 5.00 mg/L, respectively. 相似文献
90.
Public Perception as a Barrier to Introducing Wood in Rivers for Restoration Purposes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Piégay H Gregory KJ Bondarev V Chin A Dahlstrom N Elosegi A Gregory SV Joshi V Mutz M Rinaldi M Wyzga B Zawiejska J 《Environmental management》2005,36(5):665-674
Reintroduction of wood in rivers for restoration purposes is now recognized in a positive way by scientists. Nevertheless,
the perception of wood in riverscapes is strongly affected by the socio-cultural environment. This cultural influence might
explain why wood reintroduction is accepted and promoted in some regions of the world but not in others, despite the demonstrated
ecological benefits. From an extensive student perception survey, we show that most of the groups from nine countries in the
world considered riverscapes with wood to be less aesthetic, more dangerous, and needing more improvement than riverscapes
without wood. By contrast, this way of thinking was not observed in Germany, Sweden, and Oregon (USA), where the first instances
of wood reintroduction occurred. 相似文献