山东省农田土壤中拟除虫菊酯类农药污染特征与风险评价

在山东省范围内采集农田表层土壤样品91个,采用气相色谱法分析了7种拟除虫菊酯类农药(SPs)的含量和组成,分析了其分布特征,比较了大田土壤和大棚土壤中该类农药含量的差异,并评价了其生态风险.结果表明,7种拟除虫菊酯类农药总含量(∑_7SPs)范围在0.01—88.51μg·kg~(-1)之间,均值为5.65μg·kg~(-1).与国内其他地区农田土壤相比,山东省农田土壤中拟除虫菊酯含量处于中等偏低水平.山东省各地区的拟除虫菊酯含量存在差异,但组成相近,均是高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氯氰菊酯的比例较高.部分地区大棚土壤中的含量高于大田土壤.风险评价结果表明,山东省农田土壤个别采样点中甲氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯具有生态风险,三分之一的采样点存在潜在生态风险,其余采样点不存在生态风险.     

Molecular,functional, and cellular alterations of oocytes and cumulus cells induced by heat stress and shock in animals

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Global warming is considered as the main environmental stress affecting ecosystems as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, and...     

Dengue fever awareness: effect of an educational intervention on nursing students,Tanta, Egypt

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dengue fever (DF) is one of the world’s most important vector-borne illnesses. In 2017, Egypt experienced a dengue outbreak. This study aimed to...     

长期缺氧吸磷驯化下强化生物除磷系统污泥除磷方式的转化

采用交替厌氧/缺氧/好氧运行的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR),通过梯度投加电子受体NO_3~-,考察长期缺氧吸磷驯化下强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统的性能及除磷方式的转化。结果表明,当进水COD为300～450mg/L、PO_4~(3-)(以P计,下同)和氨氮分别为8、14mg/L时,驯化期间TN去除率均保持在75%以上,长期缺氧吸磷驯化对COD和氨氮的去除没有影响。硝态氮投加量为5mg/L时,EBPR系统因电子受体投加不足除磷性能迅速恶化,增加硝态氮投加量至10mg/L,经过近30d的恢复,缺氧吸磷率最高可达97.67%,进一步提高硝态氮投加量至15mg/L,系统内硝态氮的积累导致缺氧吸磷率下降。污泥吸磷小试结果表明,经缺氧吸磷驯化后,即使除磷性能欠佳的低浓度电子受体系统污泥也具有良好的反硝化吸磷能力,可见经NO_3~-长期驯化的缺氧吸磷系统有利于筛选以NO_3~-为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌。     

相对湿度对钙基脱硫剂干法烟气脱硫效率的影响

为得到干法烟气脱硫较优的相对湿度,并验证钙基脱硫剂在干法烟气脱硫中的可行性,在模拟干法烟气脱硫实验台上,研究了钙基脱硫剂在不同相对湿度(0～45%)条件下,脱硫剂的出口浓度、脱硫效率和固硫量。结果表明,在相对湿度从0变化至45%时,可以稳定运行的穿透时间由160 min增加到720 min,可达100%脱硫效率的运行时间由0增至580 min,脱硫剂的固硫量从43.37 mg增加到332.09 mg;增加相对湿度能显著提高烟气脱硫效率,在保证烟气不穿透物料且不出现黏壁现象的条件下,较优的相对湿度为45%。研究明确了在低相对湿度条件下此种脱硫剂的可行性并确定了较优化的干法脱硫湿度,为干法脱硫条件的选择提供了参考。     

磺胺类制药废水中苯系物的快速同步检测

磺胺类制药废水是一类难降解有机废水,其中含有苯磺酰胺、苯磺酸、苯酚等苯系物,对这些物质的快速检测十分必要,针对这3种物质建立了基于高效液相色谱的快速同步检测方法。采用C18柱为分离柱,比较了乙腈/水、甲醇/水和甲醇/缓冲盐3种流动相体系的分离效果,优化了230、240、250和260 nm 4种检测波长等条件。结果表明,V甲醇∶V磷酸二氢铵溶液(0.5%,p H=3.5)=50∶50作为流动相时,基线稳定,峰形较好,3种目标物在11 min内即可实现有效分离,且浓度为5～100 mg·L~(-1)时,3种目标物峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R20.999),检出限为15.0～29.4μg·L~(-1),相对偏差为0.05%～1.56%(n=5),该方法能同时检测苯磺酸、苯酚和苯磺酰胺,具有简便、灵敏、准确等优点,可为制药废水的快速检测和磺胺类药物降解机理的分析提供便利。     

Evaluation Of Ambient Air Pollution Impact On Carrot Plants At A Sub Urban Site Using Open Top Chambers

The present experiment was done to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on carrot (Dacus carotavar. Pusa Kesar) plants using open top chambers (OTCs) ventilated with ambient (NFCs) or charcoal filtered air (FCs) at a suburban site of Varanasi, India. Various morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were studied at different growth stages. Air monitoring data clearly showed high concentrations of SO₂, NO₂and O₃in the ambient air of study site. SO₂and NO₂concentrations were higher during early growth stages of carrot, whereas O₃concentration was highest during later growth stages. Filtration of air has caused significant reductions in all the three pollutant concentrations in FCs as compared to NFCs.Plants growing in FCs showed significantly higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and variable fluorescence as compared to plants growing in NFCs. Protein content also showed a similar pattern, however, lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid content and peroxidase activity were higher in plants growing in NFCs as compared to FCs. Shoot length, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and root and shoot weight increased significantly upon filtration of ambient air. Total nitrogen decreased significantly in root, but increased significantly in shoot of plants grown in NFCs. Total P, Mg, Ca and K contents decreased significantly in plants grown in NFCs as compared to FCs. The individual pollutant concentrations were below threshold for plant injury, but the combined effect of all the three seems to act synergistically in causing greater adverse impact on dry weight and physiology of carrot plants. The study clearly indicates that air pollutants are high enough in the ambient air to cause significant unfavorable impact on carrot plants. The work further supports the usefulness of OTCs for assessing air pollution damage under field conditions in developing countries.     

The distribution and composition of hydrocarbons in sediments from the Fladen Ground, North Sea, an area of oil production

The distribution and composition of hydrocarbons in sediment from the Fladen Ground oilfield in the northern North Sea have been investigated. The total PAH concentrations (2- to 6-ring parent and alkylated PAHs, including the 16 US EPA PAHs) in sediments were relatively low (<100 microg kg(-1) dry weight). The PAH, the Forties crude and diesel oil equivalent concentrations were generally higher in sediment of fine grain size and higher organic carbon concentration. PAH distributions and concentration ratios indicated a predominantly pyrolytic input, being dominated by the heavier, more persistent, 5- and 6-ring compounds, and with a high proportion of parent PAHs. The n-alkane profiles of a number of the sediments contained small, high boiling point, UCMs, indicative of weathered oil arising from a limited petrogenic input. The geochemical biomarker profiles of the sediments that contained UCMs showed a small bisnorhopane peak and a high proportion of norhopane relative to hopane, indicating that there was contamination from both Middle Eastern and North Sea oils. Therefore contamination was not directly as a result of oil exploration activity in the area. The most likely source of petrogenic contamination was from general shipping activity.     

Cancer and Non-Cancer Health Risk from Eating Cassava Grown in Some Mining Communities in Ghana

Food crops such as cassava, cocoyam and other tuber crops grown in mining communities uptake toxic or hazardous chemicals such as arsenic, and cadmium, from the soil. Cassava is a stable food for Ghanaians. This study evaluated human health risk from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in Ghana such as Bogoso, Prestea, Tarkwa and Tamso, which are important mining towns in the Western Region of Ghana. The study evaluated cancer and non-cancer health effects from eating cassava grown in the study areas in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Assessment guidelines. The results of the study revealed the following: cancer health risk for Tamso, 0.098 (RME – Reasonable Maximum Exposure) and 0.082 (CTE – Central Tendency Exposure). This means that approximately 10 and 8 out of 100 resident adults are likely to suffer from cancer related cases by RME and CTE parameters respectively. For Prestea, we have 0.010 and 0.12, which also means that approximately 1 out of 100 and 10 resident adults out of 100 are also likely to suffer from cancer related diseases by RME and CTE parameters. The results of the study obtained were found to be above the acceptable cancer risk range of 1× 10⁻⁶ to 1× 10⁻⁴, i.e., 1 case of cancer out of 1 million or 100,000 people respectively.