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51.
Organochlorine concentrations in franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Brazilian waters
Lailson-Brito J Dorneles PR Azevedo-Silva CE Azevedo Ade F Vidal LG Marigo J Bertozzi C Zanelatto RC Bisi TL Malm O Torres JP 《Chemosphere》2011,84(7):882-887
Blubber samples were collected from ten franciscana dolphins either incidentally captured in fishing operations or stranded on São Paulo (SP) and Paraná (PR) states littoral, Southeastern and Southern Brazilian coast, respectively. Determination of PCB, DDT and HCB concentrations were performed by capillary gas chromatograph coupled to electron capture detector (ECD). ΣDDT, ΣPCB and HCB concentrations ranged from 264 ng g−1 to 5811 ng g−1 lipid, from 909 ng g−1 to 5849 ng g−1 lipid and from 10 ng g−1 to 61 ng g−1 lipid, respectively. Regarding DDTs, the distribution of the mean percentages decreased in the following order: p,p′-DDE > p,p′-DDD > p,p′-DDT. The ΣDDT/ΣPCB ratio varied between 0.27 and 0.42 in Northern and Central SP coast, while in Southern SP and PR coast the values were 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. Dissimilarities in ΣDDT/ΣPCB ratios point to different sources of organochlorine compounds to franciscana dolphins in the study area. Considering the endocrine disruptive action of organochlorine compounds, the concentrations found in franciscana dolphins from Brazilian waters may represent an additional obstacle to the conservation of this endangered cetacean species. 相似文献
52.
Oxygenates present in gasoline, such as ethanol and MTBE, are a concern in subsurface contamination related to accidental spills. While gasoline hydrocarbon compounds have low solubility, MTBE and ethanol are more soluble, ethanol being completely miscible with water. Consequently, their fate in the subsurface is likely to differ from that of gasoline. To evaluate the fate of gasoline containing oxygenates following a release in the unsaturated zone shielded from rainfall/recharge, a controlled field test was performed at Canadian Forces Base Borden, in Ontario. 200L of a mixture composed of gasoline with 10% ethanol and 4.5% MTBE was released in the unsaturated zone, into a trench 20cm deep, about 32cm above the water table. Based on soil cores, most of the ethanol was retained in the source, above the capillary fringe, and remained there for more than 100 days. Ethanol partitioned from the gasoline to the unsaturated pore-water and was retained, despite the thin unsaturated zone at the site (~35cm from the top of the capillary fringe to ground surface). Due to its lower solubility, most of the MTBE remained within the NAPL as it infiltrated deeper into the unsaturated zone and accumulated with the gasoline on top of the depressed capillary fringe. Only minor changes in the distribution of ethanol were noted following oscillations in the water table. Two methods to estimate the capacity of the unsaturated zone to retain ethanol are explored. It is clear that conceptual models for sites impacted by ethanol-fuels must consider the unsaturated zone. 相似文献
53.
Juliana Feitosa-Felizzola Serge Chiron 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(4):1317-1322
The adsorption/transformation of two members (clarithromycin and roxithromycin) of the macrolide (ML) antibacterial agents on the surface of three environmental subsurface sorbents (clay, iron(III) and manganese(IV) oxy-hydroxides) was investigated. The adsorption fitted well to the Freundlich model with a high sorption capacity. Adsorption probably occurred through a surface complexation mechanism and was accompanied by slow degradation of the selected MLs. Transformation proceeded through two parallel pathways: a major pathway was the hydrolysis of the cladinose sugar, and to a lesser extent the hydrolysis of the lactone ring. A minor pathway was the N-dealkylation of the amino sugar. This study indicates that Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxy-hydroxides in aquatic sediments may play an important role in the natural attenuation of MLs. Such an attenuation route yields a range of intermediates that might retain some of their biological activity. 相似文献
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Manoj Nerkar Juliana A. Ramsay Bruce A. Ramsay Marianna Kontopoulou 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2014,22(2):236-243
Blends of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate with an elastomeric medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (MCL-PHA), containing 98 mol% 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 2 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate (referred to as PHO), were prepared by melt compounding. Coarsening of the droplet-matrix morphology of the blends was noted as the PHO content increased beyond 5 wt%; this was attributed to the significant viscosity mismatch between the components. Addition of PHO improved the thermal stability of the blends, reduced their crystallinity and resulted in shifts in their melting and crystallization temperatures. The blends had improved tensile strain at break. The unnotched impact strength showed a threefold increase at 30 wt% PHO content. Cross-linking of PHO using a peroxide initiator increased its viscosity, thus improving the morphology and mechanical properties of the blends. 相似文献
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Juliana Ferreira Floriano Natan Roberto de Barros José Luiz Ferreira Cinman Rosangela Gonçalves da Silva Augusto Villela Loffredo Felipe Azevedo Borges Ana Maria Queiros Norberto Ana Laura Destro Chagas Bruna Cambraia Garms Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Graeff Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(6):2281-2289
Ketoprofen is an analgesic with potent anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation, subacute inflammation, for the acute and long-term treatment of various inflammatory pathologies, as rheumatoid arthritis and colonic adenocarcinoma. In order to minimize the incidence of systemic events related to ketoprofen, the transdermal drug delivery system development has been most important. The advantages of using natural rubber latex membranes include not only the reduction of adverse systemic events, but also the suitability of the low cost of the material together with its physicochemical properties such as flexibility, mechanical stability, surface porosity and water vapor permeability, and besides being a biocompatible material also presents biological activity to stimulate the angiogenesis, being able to be used in tissue repair. This study demonstrated that ketoprofen was successfully incorporated into natural latex membranes for drug delivery. FTIR indicated that the drug did not interact chemically with the membrane. Moreover, the natural latex membranes released 60% of the ketoprofen incorporated in 50 h. SEM images indicated that a portion of the drug was present on the membrane surface, being this portion responsible for the burst release. The tensile tests showed that the addition of the drug into the natural latex membrane did not influence on the polymer mechanical behavior. In addition, drug-natural latex membranes presented no red blood cell damaging effects. Our data shows that the ketoprofen loaded natural latex membranes is a promising system for sustained drug delivery which can be used to minimize the adverse side effects of high dose systemic drug delivery. 相似文献
58.
Nazia Hossain Juliana Zaini Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2019,12(2):123-130
Microalgae has been considered potential biofuel source from the last decade owing to its versatile perspectives such as excellent capability of CO2 capture and sequestration, water treatment, prolific growth rate and enormous energy content. Thus, energy research on microalgae is being harnessed to mitigate CO2 and meet future energy demands. This study investigated the bioenergy potential of native blue-green microalgae consortium as initial energy research on microalgae in Brunei Darussalam. The local species of microalgae were assembled from rainwater drains, the species were identified as Stigonematales sp. and physical properties were characterised. Sundried biomass with moisture content ranging from 6.5% to 7.37% was measured to be used to determine the net and gross calorific value and they were 7.98 MJ/kg-8.57 MJ/kg and 8.70 MJ/kg-9.45 MJ/kg, respectively. Besides that, the hydrogen content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density were also experimented and they were 2.56%-3.15%, 43.6%-36.71%, 57–38%-63.29% and 661.2 kg/m3-673.07 kg/m3, respectively. Apart from experimental values, other physical bioenergy parameters were simulated and they were biomass characteristic index 61,822.29 kg/m3-62,341.3 kg/m3, energy density 5.27 GJ/m3-5.76G J/m3 and fuel value index 86.19–88.54. With these experimental results, microalgae manifested itself a potential source of biofuel feedstock for heat and electricity generation, a key tool to bring down the escalated atmospheric greenhouse gases and an alternation for fossil fuel. 相似文献
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60.
V. M. Starling Maria Clara Costa Elizângela P. Souza Felipe A. Machado Elayne C. de Araujo Juliana Calábria Amorim Camila C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17355-17368
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work investigated an innovative alternative to improve municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (MWWTP effluent) quality aiming at the... 相似文献