慢生根瘤菌交叉结瘤及其系统发育关系的研究

选用包括6株花往根瘤菌[Bradyrhizobium sp.(Arachis)]在内的13株慢生根瘤菌，进行了6种豆科植物结瘤试验及共系统发育分析。研究结果表明，慢生根瘤菌与试验的豆科宿主植物间普遍存在交叉结瘤，还发现有些菌株在原宿主外的豆科植物根部形成类根瘤的现象。16S rDNA和23S rDNA的PCR－RFLP分析揭示出这些菌株rDNA基因的差异性，不同宿主来源的慢生根瘤菌株可以同属一个rDNA类型，而从同一宿主中分离的根瘤菌菌株可分属多种不同的rDNA类型，研究结果表明，采用rDNA PCR-RFLP等遗传背景分析的手段，可能筛选出广谱的根瘤菌力株，表4参8。     

不同碳源条件下草菇内切型纤维素酶基因（eg1）转录表达的分析

利用Northernblot方法分析了不同碳源条件下草菇切型纤维素酶基因(eg1)的表达.结果发现,在含有纤维素的液体培养基中生长10d,eg1在草菇菌丝中有高效表达;纤维二糖、α-乳糖、β-乳糖,也能诱导eg1的表达,但和纤维素相比,eg1的表达量相对较低,并且它们的诱导效应在加入这类糖12h后迅速减弱;槐糖和龙胆二糖的诱导作用非常弱.在天然稻草为基质的固体栽培料生长时,草菇eg1的表达和草菇菌丝生长与出菇相对应,在菌丝生长期(d8)可见eg1的表达,d12时菌丝已长满,表达减弱,在出菇及菇体的分化及增大期,eg1的表达量逐渐增强,在成熟期达到最高水平;表明在草菇菇体发育中需要更多碳源及能源的补充,eg1在这方面起着非常重要的作用.图4参14     

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration. It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements. At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74%–82% could be achieved.     

A nonparametric procedure for analyzing repeated measures of spatially correlated data

Many agricultural, biological, and environmental studies involve detecting temporal changes of a response variable, based on data observed at sampling sites in a spatial region and repeatedly over several time points. That is, data are repeated measures over time and are potentially correlated across space. The traditional repeated-measures analysis allows for time dependence but assumes that the observations at different sampling sites are mutually independent, which may not be suitable for field data that are correlated across space. In this paper, a nonparametric large-sample inference procedure is developed to assess the time effects while accounting for the spatial dependence using a block bootstrap. For illustration, the methodology is applied to describe the population changes of root-lesion nematodes over time in a production field in Wisconsin.     

Impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands

To determine the impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in wetlands, an artificial wetland planted with reeds was constructed to treat highly concentrated domestic wastewater. Under different meteorological and hydraulic conditions, the daily changes of photosynthesis and transpiration of reeds, as well as nitrogen removal efficiency were measured. It was found that net photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area was maintained on a high level (average 19.0 μmol CO₂/(m²·s)) from 10:00 to 14:00 in July 2004 and reached a peak of 21.1 μmol CO₂/(m²·s) when Photon Flux Density was high during the day. Meanwhile, TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency rose to 79.6% and 89.6%, respectively—the maximum values observed in the test. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation among photon flux density, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between stomatal conductance and TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency. Results suggest that the photosynthesis and transpiration of wetland plants have a great impact on nitrogen removal efficiency of wetlands, which can be enhanced by an increase in the photosynthesis and transpiration rate. In addition, the efficiency of water usage by reeds and nitrogen removal efficiency could be affected by the water level in wetlands; a higher level boosts nitrogen removal efficiency.     

星湖沉积物特性研究

以肇庆星湖为研究对象，研究了其沉积物的各种特性。研究表明：(1)星湖沉积物的矿相(晶体物)主要为石英、伊利石、长石、绿泥石等；(2)沉积物中的TP、TN含量，基本随湖水交换和季节变化而变化，与交换量有着简单反比关系，其TP的含量在0．03％～0．06％之间，TN在0．19％～0．28％之间，内负荷较为严重；(3)沉积物的沉降存在很大的不均衡性；(4)沉积物营养物的释放受环境因子影响，其中溶解氧对N、P的释放都有较大的影响，温度对P的影响较N多一些，而保持水体中性，则有利于水体的稳定。     

Experimental Investigation on The Igniting Fire Sources in Wildland Fire

试图通过试验,研究从林火点火源的红外辐射谱特性确定火焰性质的方法。为此,研制了模拟试验台,可以同时测定各特征火焰区的红外辐射谱和平均温度。用普朗克定律和维恩位移定律对试验数据进行了处理。对三种典型的引火源（烟头、树枝和纸）进行研究的结果表明：引火源的辐射特征波长在１．１－２．１ｕｍ,３．８－４．０ｕｍ,７．８－８．２ｕｍ波段内分布,此波长与各火焰区的特征温度存在对应关系。辐射温度随波长变化。在短波长处较低,此结果与将火焰辐射处理成黑体辐射时的普朗克定律大致相符     

对“鸱吻”在古建筑中防火作用的探讨

本文对古代殿堂建筑上的鸱吻在防火中的作用作了分析探讨。古代安装在建筑物上的鸱吻是一种非燃烧材料制作的,它安装在建筑物的最高处。鸱吻的须是金属导电体,通过建筑物与大地相连。它实际上起到了原始“避雷针”的作用,因此,古人将鸱吻视为“避火消灾”的吉祥物是有一定的科学道理。     

火灾科学的研究与展望

火灾科学应社会需求而产生,目前已经形成了自己的研究框架及体系。我国火灾科学基础研究已初具结构和规模,而且确定了相应的社会定位。展望了火灾科学研究的发展前景 。     

人地协同论：可持续发展模型构建的基础

人地协同论是在陆地系统科学、非线性系统理论基础上建立起来的关于可持续发展的一个数理模型,它以社会与自然的交互作用、交界面性质及其演化规律为研究对象。本文根据系统生态学理论,提出了关于可持续生存的数学定义。